Treatment Effect papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Treatment Effect went from 75 papers in 2023 to 106 in 2026, roughly 1.4x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Treatment Effect work: 131 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning: papers tagged with both rose from 3 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Causal and Fairness, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Causal Discovery, is up 2.4x versus 1.4x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Assessing the robustness of heterogeneous treatment effects in survival analysis under informative censoring
• ICML 2026Causal Effect Identifiability in the Presence of Latent Confounders Without Auxiliary Variables
• ICLR 2026ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantities
• CVPR 2026Event Stream Filtering via Probability Flux Estimation
• NeurIPS 2025Born a Transformer -- Always a Transformer? On the Effect of Pretraining on Architectural Abilities
• ICML 2025A Meta-learner for Heterogeneous Effects in Difference-in-Differences
• ICLR 2025Causal Effect Estimation with Mixed Latent Confounders and Post-treatment Variables
• CVPR 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects
• NeurIPS 2024Benchmarking Estimators for Natural Experiments: A Novel Dataset and a Doubly Robust Algorithm
• ICML 2024A Generative Approach for Treatment Effect Estimation under Collider Bias: From an Out-of-Distribution Perspective
• ICLR 2024A Variational Framework for Estimating Continuous Treatment Effects with Measurement Error
• CVPR 2024LightOctree: Lightweight 3D Spatially-Coherent Indoor Lighting Estimation
• NeurIPS 2023An Efficient Doubly-Robust Test for the Kernel Treatment Effect
• ICML 2023A Three-regime Model of Network Pruning
• ICLR 2023Causal Estimation for Text Data with (Apparent) Overlap Violations
• CVPR 2023HRDFuse: Monocular 360deg Depth Estimation by Collaboratively Learning Holistic-With-Regional Depth Distributions
• NeurIPS 2026Automated Causal Effect Estimation through Self-Evolving AI
• ICML 2026Causal-EPIG: Causally Aligned Active CATE Estimation
• ICLR 2026Foundation Models for Causal Inference via Prior-Data Fitted Networks
• CVPR 2026The Invisible Gorilla Effect in Out-of-distribution Detection

All Treatment Effect papers

385 papers, page 7 of 8

301. NeurIPS 2024Quantifying Aleatoric Uncertainty of the Treatment Effect: A Novel Orthogonal Learner
302. NeurIPS 2024RashomonGB: Analyzing the Rashomon Effect and Mitigating Predictive Multiplicity in Gradient Boosting
303. NeurIPS 2024Statistical-Computational Trade-offs for Density Estimation
304. NeurIPS 2024Structured Learning of Compositional Sequential Interventions
305. NeurIPS 2024Towards Estimating Bounds on the Effect of Policies under Unobserved Confounding
306. NeurIPS 2024Treatment of Statistical Estimation Problems in Randomized Smoothing for Adversarial Robustness
307. NeurIPS 2024Ultrafast classical phylogenetic method beats large protein language models on variant effect prediction
308. NeurIPS 2024Unified Covariate Adjustment for Causal Inference
309. NeurIPS 2024Unveiling The Matthew Effect Across Channels: Assessing Layer Width Sufficiency via Weight Norm Variance
310. NeurIPS 2024Unveiling the Potential of Robustness in Selecting Conditional Average Treatment Effect Estimators
311. CVPR 2023Depth Estimation From Indoor Panoramas With Neural Scene Representation
312. CVPR 2023DiffPose: Toward More Reliable 3D Pose Estimation
313. CVPR 2023Fully Self-Supervised Depth Estimation From Defocus Clue
314. CVPR 2023HRDFuse: Monocular 360deg Depth Estimation by Collaboratively Learning Holistic-With-Regional Depth Distributions
315. CVPR 2023PlaneDepth: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation via Orthogonal Planes
316. CVPR 2023ScarceNet: Animal Pose Estimation With Scarce Annotations
317. CVPR 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation Guided by Superpoints
318. CVPR 2023Shakes on a Plane: Unsupervised Depth Estimation From Unstabilized Photography
319. CVPR 2023SHS-Net: Learning Signed Hyper Surfaces for Oriented Normal Estimation of Point Clouds
320. CVPR 2023Single View Scene Scale Estimation Using Scale Field
321. CVPR 2023Source-Free Adaptive Gaze Estimation by Uncertainty Reduction
322. CVPR 2023Trap Attention: Monocular Depth Estimation With Manual Traps
323. ICLR 2023A Simple Yet Powerful Deep Active Learning With Snapshots Ensembles
324. ICLR 2023Causal Estimation for Text Data with (Apparent) Overlap Violations
325. ICLR 2023Confidence Estimation Using Unlabeled Data
326. ICLR 2023Disentangling Learning Representations with Density Estimation
327. ICLR 2023Estimating individual treatment effects under unobserved confounding using binary instruments
328. ICLR 2023On the Saturation Effect of Kernel Ridge Regression
329. ICLR 2023Rethinking the Effect of Data Augmentation in Adversarial Contrastive Learning
330. ICLR 2023Rotamer Density Estimator is an Unsupervised Learner of the Effect of Mutations on Protein-Protein Interaction
331. ICLR 2023WikiWhy: Answering and Explaining Cause-and-Effect Questions
332. ICML 2023A Three-regime Model of Network Pruning
333. ICML 2023Accounting For Informative Sampling When Learning to Forecast Treatment Outcomes Over Time
334. ICML 2023Adaptive Estimation of Graphical Models under Total Positivity
335. ICML 2023Approximate Causal Effect Identification under Weak Confounding
336. ICML 2023Causal Isotonic Calibration for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
337. ICML 2023Causal Modeling of Policy Interventions From Treatment–Outcome Sequences
338. ICML 2023Comparison of meta-learners for estimating multi-valued treatment heterogeneous effects
339. ICML 2023Compressing Tabular Data via Latent Variable Estimation
340. ICML 2023Difference-in-Differences Meets Tree-based Methods: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation with Unmeasured Confounding
341. ICML 2023Estimating Joint Treatment Effects by Combining Multiple Experiments
342. ICML 2023Estimation Beyond Data Reweighting: Kernel Method of Moments
343. ICML 2023Fast Private Kernel Density Estimation via Locality Sensitive Quantization
344. ICML 2023In Search of Insights, Not Magic Bullets: Towards Demystification of the Model Selection Dilemma in Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation
345. ICML 2023Minimax estimation of discontinuous optimal transport maps: The semi-discrete case
346. ICML 2023Mixture Proportion Estimation Beyond Irreducibility
347. ICML 2023Non-asymptotic Properties of Individualized Treatment Rules from Sequentially Rule-Adaptive Trials
348. ICML 2023Nonparametric Density Estimation under Distribution Drift
349. ICML 2023Normalizing Flows for Interventional Density Estimation
350. ICML 2023Off-Policy Evaluation for Large Action Spaces via Conjunct Effect Modeling

FAQ

How many Treatment Effect papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

385 in total: 75 in 2023, 106 in 2024, 98 in 2025, 106 in 2026.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 44 Treatment Effect papers, versus 34 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 18 Treatment Effect papers, versus 16 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 27 Treatment Effect papers, versus 31 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 17 Treatment Effect papers, versus 17 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Treatment Effect papers?

NeurIPS, with 131 papers from 2023 to 2026.