Treatment Effect papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Treatment Effect went from 75 papers in 2023 to 106 in 2026, roughly 1.4x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Treatment Effect work: 131 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning: papers tagged with both rose from 3 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Causal and Fairness, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Causal Discovery, is up 2.4x versus 1.4x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Assessing the robustness of heterogeneous treatment effects in survival analysis under informative censoring
• ICML 2026Causal Effect Identifiability in the Presence of Latent Confounders Without Auxiliary Variables
• ICLR 2026ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantities
• CVPR 2026Event Stream Filtering via Probability Flux Estimation
• NeurIPS 2025Born a Transformer -- Always a Transformer? On the Effect of Pretraining on Architectural Abilities
• ICML 2025A Meta-learner for Heterogeneous Effects in Difference-in-Differences
• ICLR 2025Causal Effect Estimation with Mixed Latent Confounders and Post-treatment Variables
• CVPR 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects
• NeurIPS 2024Benchmarking Estimators for Natural Experiments: A Novel Dataset and a Doubly Robust Algorithm
• ICML 2024A Generative Approach for Treatment Effect Estimation under Collider Bias: From an Out-of-Distribution Perspective
• ICLR 2024A Variational Framework for Estimating Continuous Treatment Effects with Measurement Error
• CVPR 2024LightOctree: Lightweight 3D Spatially-Coherent Indoor Lighting Estimation
• NeurIPS 2023An Efficient Doubly-Robust Test for the Kernel Treatment Effect
• ICML 2023A Three-regime Model of Network Pruning
• ICLR 2023Causal Estimation for Text Data with (Apparent) Overlap Violations
• CVPR 2023HRDFuse: Monocular 360deg Depth Estimation by Collaboratively Learning Holistic-With-Regional Depth Distributions
• NeurIPS 2026Automated Causal Effect Estimation through Self-Evolving AI
• ICML 2026Causal-EPIG: Causally Aligned Active CATE Estimation
• ICLR 2026Foundation Models for Causal Inference via Prior-Data Fitted Networks
• CVPR 2026The Invisible Gorilla Effect in Out-of-distribution Detection

All Treatment Effect papers

75 papers, page 1 of 2

1. CVPR 2023Depth Estimation From Indoor Panoramas With Neural Scene Representation
2. CVPR 2023DiffPose: Toward More Reliable 3D Pose Estimation
3. CVPR 2023Fully Self-Supervised Depth Estimation From Defocus Clue
4. CVPR 2023HRDFuse: Monocular 360deg Depth Estimation by Collaboratively Learning Holistic-With-Regional Depth Distributions
5. CVPR 2023PlaneDepth: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation via Orthogonal Planes
6. CVPR 2023ScarceNet: Animal Pose Estimation With Scarce Annotations
7. CVPR 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation Guided by Superpoints
8. CVPR 2023Shakes on a Plane: Unsupervised Depth Estimation From Unstabilized Photography
9. CVPR 2023SHS-Net: Learning Signed Hyper Surfaces for Oriented Normal Estimation of Point Clouds
10. CVPR 2023Single View Scene Scale Estimation Using Scale Field
11. CVPR 2023Source-Free Adaptive Gaze Estimation by Uncertainty Reduction
12. CVPR 2023Trap Attention: Monocular Depth Estimation With Manual Traps
13. ICLR 2023A Simple Yet Powerful Deep Active Learning With Snapshots Ensembles
14. ICLR 2023Causal Estimation for Text Data with (Apparent) Overlap Violations
15. ICLR 2023Confidence Estimation Using Unlabeled Data
16. ICLR 2023Disentangling Learning Representations with Density Estimation
17. ICLR 2023Estimating individual treatment effects under unobserved confounding using binary instruments
18. ICLR 2023On the Saturation Effect of Kernel Ridge Regression
19. ICLR 2023Rethinking the Effect of Data Augmentation in Adversarial Contrastive Learning
20. ICLR 2023Rotamer Density Estimator is an Unsupervised Learner of the Effect of Mutations on Protein-Protein Interaction
21. ICLR 2023WikiWhy: Answering and Explaining Cause-and-Effect Questions
22. ICML 2023A Three-regime Model of Network Pruning
23. ICML 2023Accounting For Informative Sampling When Learning to Forecast Treatment Outcomes Over Time
24. ICML 2023Adaptive Estimation of Graphical Models under Total Positivity
25. ICML 2023Approximate Causal Effect Identification under Weak Confounding
26. ICML 2023Causal Isotonic Calibration for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
27. ICML 2023Causal Modeling of Policy Interventions From Treatment–Outcome Sequences
28. ICML 2023Comparison of meta-learners for estimating multi-valued treatment heterogeneous effects
29. ICML 2023Compressing Tabular Data via Latent Variable Estimation
30. ICML 2023Difference-in-Differences Meets Tree-based Methods: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation with Unmeasured Confounding
31. ICML 2023Estimating Joint Treatment Effects by Combining Multiple Experiments
32. ICML 2023Estimation Beyond Data Reweighting: Kernel Method of Moments
33. ICML 2023Fast Private Kernel Density Estimation via Locality Sensitive Quantization
34. ICML 2023In Search of Insights, Not Magic Bullets: Towards Demystification of the Model Selection Dilemma in Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation
35. ICML 2023Minimax estimation of discontinuous optimal transport maps: The semi-discrete case
36. ICML 2023Mixture Proportion Estimation Beyond Irreducibility
37. ICML 2023Non-asymptotic Properties of Individualized Treatment Rules from Sequentially Rule-Adaptive Trials
38. ICML 2023Nonparametric Density Estimation under Distribution Drift
39. ICML 2023Normalizing Flows for Interventional Density Estimation
40. ICML 2023Off-Policy Evaluation for Large Action Spaces via Conjunct Effect Modeling
41. ICML 2023On Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Heterogeneous Causal Graphs
42. ICML 2023On the Estimation of Gaussian Mixture Copula Models
43. ICML 2023On the Identifiability and Estimation of Causal Location-Scale Noise Models
44. ICML 2023Pricing Experimental Design: Causal Effect, Expected Revenue and Tail Risk
45. ICML 2023Private Statistical Estimation of Many Quantiles
46. ICML 2023Selective Machine Learning of the Average Treatment Effect with an Invalid Instrumental Variable
47. ICML 2023Semi-Parametric Contextual Pricing Algorithm using Cox Proportional Hazards Model
48. ICML 2023Sequential Underspecified Instrument Selection for Cause-Effect Estimation
49. ICML 2023Stable Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
50. ICML 2023Subset-Based Instance Optimality in Private Estimation

FAQ

How many Treatment Effect papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

385 in total: 75 in 2023, 106 in 2024, 98 in 2025, 106 in 2026.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 44 Treatment Effect papers, versus 34 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 18 Treatment Effect papers, versus 16 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 27 Treatment Effect papers, versus 31 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 17 Treatment Effect papers, versus 17 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Treatment Effect papers?

NeurIPS, with 131 papers from 2023 to 2026.