Counterfactual Fairness papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Counterfactual Fairness fell from 31 papers in 2023 to 21 in 2026, so interest is cooling.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Counterfactual Fairness work: 39 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Counterfactual Explanation: papers tagged with both rose from 8 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Causal and Fairness, it ranks #5 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Causal Discovery, is up 2.4x versus 0.7x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026CounterFlowNet: From Minimal Changes to Meaningful Counterfactual Explanations
• ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
• ICLR 2026Counterfactual Explanations on Robust Perceptual Geodesics
• NeurIPS 2025Statistical Parity with Exponential Weights
• ICML 2025Causal Logistic Bandits with Counterfactual Fairness Constraints
• ICLR 2025Certifying Counterfactual Bias in LLMs
• NeurIPS 2024Reproducibility Study: Equal Improvability: A New Fairness Notion Considering the Long-Term Impact
• ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
• ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
• CVPR 2024FADES: Fair Disentanglement with Sensitive Relevance
• NeurIPS 2023[Re] Fairness Guarantees under Demographic Shift
• ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
• ICLR 2023FairGBM: Gradient Boosting with Fairness Constraints
• CVPR 2023Improving Fairness in Facial Albedo Estimation via Visual-Textual Cues
• NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
• ICML 2026The Fairness Hierarchy: A viewpoint from causal inference
• ICLR 2026Counterfactual LLM-based Framework for Measuring Rhetorical Style
• NeurIPS 2025On Hierarchies of Fairness Notions in Cake Cutting: From Proportionality to Super Envy-Freeness
• ICML 2025Counterfactual Graphical Models: Constraints and Inference
• ICLR 2025Towards counterfactual fairness through auxiliary variables

All Counterfactual Fairness papers

102 papers, page 1 of 3

1. ICLR 2026Benchmarking Stochastic Approximation Algorithms for Fairness-Constrained Training of Deep Neural Networks
2. ICLR 2026Counterfactual Explanations on Robust Perceptual Geodesics
3. ICLR 2026Counterfactual LLM-based Framework for Measuring Rhetorical Style
4. ICLR 2026Fair Classification by Direct Intervention on Operating Characteristics
5. ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
6. ICML 2026COPF: An Online Framework for Deployment-Stable Counterfactual Fairness in Evolving Graphs
7. ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
8. ICML 2026Optimal Fair Aggregation of Crowdsourced Noisy Labels using Demographic Parity Constraints
9. ICML 2026Optimal Transport under Group Fairness Constraints
10. ICML 2026Score Correction for Generative Models with Probabilistic Constraints
11. ICML 2026The Fairness Hierarchy: A viewpoint from causal inference
12. NeurIPS 2026Batched Stochastic Linear Bandits with 1-Bit Communication Constraints
13. NeurIPS 2026Can the Parts Fool the Test? Counterfactual Pairing Cycles for Relational OOD
14. NeurIPS 2026Counterfactual Estimation under Composite Treatments via Progressive Distribution Alignment
15. NeurIPS 2026Counterfactual Predictive State Representations: The Intrinsic Dimension of Partial-Information Games
16. NeurIPS 2026Counterfactual Rollout Replay: Forkable Environments as Free Process Rewards for Software Engineering Agents
17. NeurIPS 2026CounterFlowNet: From Minimal Changes to Meaningful Counterfactual Explanations
18. NeurIPS 2026Neural-DISCO: Source-Conditioned Counterfactual Editing of Neural Population Activity
19. NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
20. NeurIPS 2026The Pok\'emon Theorem and other Fairness Impossibility Results
21. NeurIPS 2026Tracing Actual Causes with Counterfactual Witness Maps
22. ICLR 2025Certifying Counterfactual Bias in LLMs
23. ICLR 2025Counterfactual Realizability
24. ICLR 2025First-Person Fairness in Chatbots
25. ICLR 2025Learning Causal Alignment for Reliable Disease Diagnosis
26. ICLR 2025Towards counterfactual fairness through auxiliary variables
27. ICLR 2025Towards Marginal Fairness Sliced Wasserstein Barycenter
28. ICML 2025Accelerating Spectral Clustering under Fairness Constraints
29. ICML 2025Causal Logistic Bandits with Counterfactual Fairness Constraints
30. ICML 2025Counterfactual Graphical Models: Constraints and Inference
31. ICML 2025Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation via Active Learning: A Counterfactual Covering Perspective
32. ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
33. ICML 2025Fairness on Principal Stratum: A New Perspective on Counterfactual Fairness
34. ICML 2025FairPFN: A Tabular Foundation Model for Causal Fairness
35. ICML 2025Transformer-Based Spatial-Temporal Counterfactual Outcomes Estimation
36. NeurIPS 2025A Counterfactual Semantics for Hybrid Dynamical Systems
37. NeurIPS 2025A Hierarchy of Graphical Models for Counterfactual Inferences
38. NeurIPS 2025Learning with Statistical Equality Constraints
39. NeurIPS 2025On Hierarchies of Fairness Notions in Cake Cutting: From Proportionality to Super Envy-Freeness
40. NeurIPS 2025Statistical Parity with Exponential Weights
41. CVPR 2024FADES: Fair Disentanglement with Sensitive Relevance
42. CVPR 2024Looking Similar Sounding Different: Leveraging Counterfactual Cross-Modal Pairs for Audiovisual Representation Learning
43. CVPR 2024Revisiting Counterfactual Problems in Referring Expression Comprehension
44. ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
45. ICLR 2024Dynamic Discounted Counterfactual Regret Minimization
46. ICLR 2024Fair Classifiers that Abstain without Harm
47. ICLR 2024fairret: a Framework for Differentiable Fairness Regularization Terms
48. ICLR 2024Towards Eliminating Hard Label Constraints in Gradient Inversion Attacks
49. ICML 2024A Dual-module Framework for Counterfactual Estimation over Time
50. ICML 2024An Empirical Examination of Balancing Strategy for Counterfactual Estimation on Time Series

FAQ

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

102 in total: 31 in 2023, 31 in 2024, 19 in 2025, 21 in 2026.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 10 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 4 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 6 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 7 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 8 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at CVPR 2024?

CVPR 2024 has 3 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Counterfactual Fairness papers?

NeurIPS, with 39 papers from 2023 to 2026.