CVPR 2026 论文列表

Recent Text-to-Image (T2I) models based on rectified-flow transformers (e.g., SD3, FLUX) achieve high generative fidelity but remain vulnerable to unsafe semantics, especially when triggered by multi-token interactions. Existing mitigation methods largely rely on fine-tuning or attention modulation for concept unlearning; however, their expensive computational overhead and design tailored to U-Net-based denoisers hinder direct adaptation to transformer-based diffusion models (e.g., MMDiT). In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the attention mechanism in MMDiT and find that unsafe semantics concentrate within interpretable, low-dimensional subspaces at head level, where a finite set of safety-critical heads is responsible for unsafe feature extraction. We further observe that perturbing the Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) applied to the query and key vectors can effectively modify some specific concepts in the generated images. Motivated by these insights, we propose SafeRoPE, a lightweight and fine-grained safe generation framework for MMDiT. Specifically, SafeRoPE first constructs head-wise unsafe subspaces by decomposing unsafe embeddings within safety-critical heads, and computes a Latent Risk Score (LRS) for each input vector via projection onto these subspaces. We then introduce head-wise RoPE perturbations that can suppress unsafe semantics without degrading benign content or image quality. SafeRoPE combines both head-wise LRS and RoPE perturbations to perform risk-specific head-wise rotation on query and key vector embeddings, enabling precise suppression of unsafe outputs while maintaining generation fidelity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SafeRoPE achieves SOTA performance in balancing effective harmful content mitigation and utility preservation for safe generation of MMDiT. Codes are available at https://github.com/deng12yx/SafeRoPE.

Achieving precise, object-level control in image editing remains challenging: 2D methods lack 3D awareness and often yield ambiguous or implausible results, while existing 3D-aware approaches rely on heavy optimization or incomplete monocular reconstructions. We present ObjectMorpher, a unified, interactive framework that converts ambiguous 2D edits into geometry-grounded operations. ObjectMorpher lifts target instances with an image-to-3D generator into editable 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), enabling fast, identity-preserving manipulation. Users drag control points; a graph-based non-rigid deformation with as-rigid-as-possible (ARAP) constraints ensures physically sensible shape and pose changes. A composite diffusion module harmonizes lighting, color, and boundaries for seamless reintegration. Across diverse categories, ObjectMorpher delivers fine-grained, photorealistic edits with superior controllability and efficiency, outperforming 2D drag and 3D-aware baselines on KID, LPIPS, SIFID, and user preference.

Video generation models are rapidly advancing, but can still struggle with complex video outputs that require significant semantic branching or repeated high-level reasoning about what should happen next. In this paper, we introduce a new class of omni video-text models that integrate ideas from recent LM reasoning advances to address this challenge. More specifically, we present TV2TV, a unified generative modeling framework which decomposes video generation into an interleaved text and video generation process. TV2TV jointly learns language modeling (next-token prediction) and video flow matching (next-frame prediction) using a Mixture-of-Transformers architecture. At inference time, TV2TV decides when to alternate between generating text and video frames, allowing the model to "think in words" about subsequent content before "acting in pixels" to produce frames. This design offloads much of the responsibility for deciding what should happen next to the language modeling tower, enabling improved visual quality and prompt alignment of generated videos. It also enables fine-grained controllability, allowing users to modify the video generation trajectory through text interventions at any point in the process. In controlled experiments on video game data, TV2TV demonstrates substantial improvements in both visual quality (preferred 91% of the time in human evaluations vs. a comparable text-to-video model) and controllability (19 point improvement in fine-grained instruction following accuracy vs. a "think-then-act" approach). TV2TV also scales to natural videos, as we show by augmenting sports videos with interleaved natural language action descriptions using VLMs. Training TV2TV on this corpus yields strong visual quality and prompt alignment, showcasing the model's ability to reason about and generate complex real-world action sequences. Together, these results highlight TV2TV as a promising step toward video generation with open-ended textual reasoning and control.

Recent advances in 3D shape generation have achieved impressive results, but most existing methods rely on clean, unoccluded, and well-segmented inputs. Such conditions are rarely met in real-world scenarios. We present ShapeR, a novel approach for conditional 3D object shape generation from casually captured sequences. Given a image sequence, we leverage off-the-shelf visual-inertial SLAM,3D detection algorithms and VLMs to extract for each object, a set of sparse SLAM points, posed multi-view images, and machine-generated captions. A rectified flow transformer trained to effectively condition on these modalities then generates high-fidelity metric 3D shapes. To ensure robustness to the challenges of casually captured data, we employ a range of techniques including on-the-fly compositional augmentations, a curriculum training scheme spanning object- and scene-level datasets, and strategies to handle background clutter. Additionally, we introduce a new evaluation benchmark comprising 178 in the wild objects across 7 real-world scenes with geometry annotations. Experiments show that ShapeR significantly outperforms existing approaches in this challenging setting, achieving an improvement of 2.7x in Chamfer distance compared to SoTA.

Privacy-Preserving Image Queries (PPIQ) are an emerging mechanism for cloud-based visual localization, enabling pose estimation from obfuscated features instead of private images or raw keypoints. However, the main approaches for PPIQ, primarily geometry-based and segmentation-based obfuscation, both suffer from vulnerabilities to recent privacy attacks. In particular, a fundamental limitation of geometry-based obfuscation is that the spatial distribution of obfuscated neighboring lines still effectively surrounds the original keypoint location, providing exploitable cues for recovering the original points. We revisit this geometric paradigm and introduce Dual Convergent Lines (DCL), a novel keypoint obfuscation method demonstrating strong resilience against such attack. DCL places two fixed anchors on a central partition line and lifts each keypoint to a line originating from one of them, with the active anchor determined by the keypoint's location. This arrangement invalidates the geometry-recovery attack by making its optimization ill-posed: Neighboring lines either misleadingly converge to one anchor, yielding a trivial solution, or become near-parallel at the partition boundary, yielding an unstable high-variance solution. Both outcomes thwart point recovery. DCL is also compatible with an existing line-based solver, enabling deployment in traditional localization pipelines. Experiments on both indoor and large-scale outdoor datasets demonstrate DCL's robustness against privacy attacks, efficiency, and scalability, while achieving practical localization performance.

Despite rapid progress in video generation, existing models are incapable of producing vector animation, a dominant and highly expressive form of multimedia on the Internet. Vector animations offer resolution-independence, compactness, semantic structure, and editable parametric motion representations, yet current generative models operate exclusively in raster space and thus cannot synthesize them. Meanwhile, recent advances in large multimodal models demonstrate strong capabilities in generating structured data such as slides , 3D meshes , LEGO sequences , and indoor layouts , suggesting that native vector animation generation may be achievable. In this work, we present the first framework for tokenizing and autoregressively generating vector animations. We adopt Lottie, a widely deployed JSON-based animation standard, and design a tailored Lottie Tokenizer that encodes layered geometric primitives, transforms, and keyframe-based motion into a compact and semantically aligned token sequence. To support large-scale training, we also construct LottieAnimation-660K, the largest and most diverse vector animation dataset to date, consisting of 660k real-world Lottie animation and 15M static Lottie image files curated from broad Internet sources. Building upon these components, we finetune Qwen-VL to create LottieGPT, a native multimodal model capable of generating coherent, editable vector animations directly from natural language or visual prompts. Experiments show that our tokenizer dramatically reduces sequence length while preserving structural fidelity, enabling effective autoregressive learning of dynamic vector content. LottieGPT exhibits strong generalization across diverse animation styles and outperforms previous state-of-the-art models on SVG generation (a special case of single-frame vector animation).

Recent subject-driven image customization excels in fidelity, yet fine-grained instance-level spatial control remains an elusive challenge, hindering real-world applications. This limitation stems from two factors: a scarcity of scalable, position-annotated datasets, and the entanglement of identity and layout by global attention mechanisms. To this end, we introduce PositionIC, a unified framework for high-fidelity, spatially controllable multi-subject customization. First, we present BMPDS, the first automatic data-synthesis pipeline for position-annotated multi-subject datasets, effectively providing crucial spatial supervision. Second, we design a lightweight, layout-aware diffusion framework that integrates a novel visibility-aware attention mechanism. This mechanism explicitly models spatial relationships via an NeRF-inspired volumetric weight regulation to effectively decouple instance-level spatial embeddings from semantic identity features, enabling precise, occlusion-aware placement of multiple subjects. Extensive experiments demonstrate PositionIC achieves state-of-the-art performance on public benchmarks, setting new records for spatial precision and identity consistency. Our work represents a significant step towards truly controllable, high-fidelity image customization in multi-entity scenarios.Code and data: https://github.com/MeiGen-AI/PositionIC.

In-context image generation and editing (ICGE) enables users to specify visual concepts through interleaved image-text prompts, demanding precise understanding and faithful execution of user intent. Although recent unified multimodal models exhibit promising understanding capabilities, these strengths often fail to transfer effectively to image generation. We introduce Re-Align, a unified framework that bridges the gap between understanding and generation through structured reasoning-guided alignment. At its core lies the In-Context Chain-of-Thought (IC-CoT), a structured reasoning paradigm that decouples semantic guidance and reference association, providing clear textual target and mitigating confusion among reference images. Furthermore, Re-Align introduces an effective RL training scheme that leverages a surrogate reward to measure the alignment between structured reasoning text and the generated image, thereby improving the model's overall performance on ICGE tasks. Extensive experiments verify that Re-Align outperforms competitive methods of comparable model scale and resources on both in-context image generation and editing tasks.

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensure the safe deployment of deep learning models in critical applications. Deep learning models can often misidentify OOD samples as in-distribution (ID) samples. This vulnerability worsens in the presence of spurious correlation in the training set. Likewise, in fine-grained classification settings, detection of fine-grained OOD samples becomes inherently challenging due to their high similarity to ID samples. However, current research on OOD detection has focused instead largely on relatively easier (conventional) cases. Even the few recent works addressing these challenging cases rely on carefully curated or synthesized outliers, ultimately requiring external data. This motivates our central research question: "Can we innovate OOD detection training framework for fine-grained and spurious settings without requiring any external data at all?" In this work, we present a unified Approach to Spurious, fine-grained, and Conventional OOD Detection (\ASCOOD) that eliminates the reliance on external data. First, we synthesize virtual outliers from ID data by approximating the destruction of invariant features. Specifically, we propose to add gradient attribution values to ID inputs to disrupt invariant features while amplifying true-class logit, thereby synthesizing challenging near-manifold virtual outliers. Then, we simultaneously incentivize ID classification and predictive uncertainty towards virtual outliers. For this, we further propose to leverage standardized features with z-score normalization. ASCOOD effectively mitigates impact of spurious correlations and encourages capturing fine-grained attributes. Extensive experiments across 7 datasets and comparisons with 30+ methods demonstrate merit of ASCOOD in spurious, fine-grained and conventional settings.

Recent visual generative models often struggle with consistency during image editing due to the entangled nature of raster images, where all visual content is fused into a single canvas. In contrast, professional design tools employ layered representations, allowing isolated edits while preserving consistency. Motivated by this, we propose Qwen-Image-Layered, an end-to-end diffusion model that decomposes a single RGB image into multiple semantically disentangled RGBA layers, enabling inherent editability, where each RGBA layer can be independently manipulated without affecting other content. To support variable-length decomposition, we introduce three key components: (1) an RGBA-VAE to unify the latent representations of RGB and RGBA images; (2) a VLD-MMDiT (Variable Layers Decomposition MMDiT) architecture capable of decomposing a variable number of image layers; and (3) a Multi-stage Training strategy to adapt a pretrained image generation model into a multilayer image decomposer. Furthermore, to address the scarcity of high-quality multilayer training images, we build a pipeline to extract and annotate multilayer images from Photoshop documents (PSD). Experiments demonstrate that our method significantly surpasses existing approaches in decomposition quality and establishes a new paradigm for consistent image editing.

Defect synthesis, as a core technology for addressing the problem of few-shot defect classification, has been widely adopted in industrial scenarios. It helps alleviate the problem of insufficient model generalization capability owing to data scarcity by establishing a data augmentation pipeline. Recently, remarkable progress has been achieved in both explicit defect image generation and implicit defect feature synthesis approaches. However, existing methods are always conducted in Euclidean space. Constrained by the flatness of Euclidean space, it is difficult to synthesize defect data containing complex structures. In this paper, we attempt to explore defect generation in hyperbolic space and propose a hyperbolic defect feature synthesis (HypDFS) method. By modeling the potential defect distribution via a small number of hyperbolic defect prototypes and further optimizing the synthetic defect features with the hierarchical defect contrastive loss in hyperbolic space, our HypDFS method can obtain a better generalized defect representation that is more conducive to downstream few-shot defect classification task. Extensive experiments on the MVTec-FS benchmark and standard MTD dataset under the few-shot settings demonstrate that the proposed HypDFS surpasses the Euclidean baseline by a large margin, showing promising prospects for defect synthesis in hyperbolic space.

Infrared-visible (IR-VIS) image fusion is vital for perception and security, yet most methods rely on the availability of both modalities during training and inference. When the infrared modality is absent, pixel-space generative substitutes become hard to control and inherently lack interpretability. We address missing-IR fusion by proposing a dictionary-guided, coefficient-domain framework built upon a shared convolutional dictionary. The pipeline comprises three key components: (1) Joint Shared-dictionary Representation Learning (JSRL) learns a unified and interpretable atom space shared by both IR and VIS modalities; (2) VIS-Guided IR Inference (VGII) transfers VIS coefficients to pseudo-IR coefficients in the coefficient domain and performs a one-step closed-loop refinement guided by a frozen large language model as a weak semantic prior; and (3) Adaptive Fusion via Representation Inference (AFRI) merges VIS structures and inferred IR cues at the atom level through window attention and convolutional mixing, followed by reconstruction with the shared dictionary. This encode-transfer-fuse-reconstruct pipeline avoids uncontrolled pixel-space generation while ensuring prior preservation within interpretable dictionary-coefficient representation. Experiments under missing-IR settings demonstrate consistent improvements in perceptual quality and downstream detection performance. To our knowledge, this represents the first framework that jointly learns a shared dictionary and performs coefficient-domain inference-fusion to tackle missing-IR fusion. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/harukiv/DCMIF.

Multimodal autoregressive (AR) models, based on next-token prediction and transformer architecture, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various multimodal tasks including text-to-image (T2I) generation. Despite their strong performance in general T2I tasks, our research reveals that these models initially struggle with subject-driven image generation compared to dominant diffusion models. To address this limitation, we introduce Proxy-Tuning, leveraging diffusion models to enhance AR models' capabilities in subject-specific image generation. Our method reveals a striking weak-to-strong phenomenon: fine-tuned AR models consistently outperform their diffusion model supervisors in both subject fidelity and prompt adherence. We analyze this performance shift and identify scenarios where AR models excel, particularly in multi-subject compositions and contextual understanding. This work not only demonstrates impressive results in subject-driven AR image generation, but also unveils the potential of weak-to-strong generalization in the image generation domain, contributing to a deeper understanding of different architectures' strengths and limitations.

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection seeks to identify samples from unknown classes, a critical capability for deploying machine learning models in open-world scenarios. Recent research has demonstrated that Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can effectively leverage their multi-modal representations for OOD detection. However, current methods often incorporate intra-modal distance during OOD detection, such as comparing negative texts with ID labels or comparing test images with image proxies. This design paradigm creates an inherent inconsistency against the inter-modal distance that CLIP-like VLMs are optimized for, potentially leading to suboptimal performance. To address this limitation, we propose InterNeg, a simple yet effective framework that systematically utilizes consistent inter-modal distance enhancement from textual and visual perspectives. From the textual perspective, we devise an inter-modal criterion for selecting negative texts. From the visual perspective, we dynamically identify high-confidence OOD images and invert them into the textual space, generating extra negative text embeddings guided by inter-modal distance. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our approach. Notably, our InterNeg achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to existing works, with a 3.47% reduction in FPR95 on the large-scale ImageNet benchmark and a 5.50% improvement in AUROC on the challenging Near-OOD benchmark.

Low-Light Image Enhancement (LLIE) is a challenging task, as severe information loss means a single input can correspond to multiple plausible restorations. This inherent ambiguity causes conventional regression-based models to produce overly-smooth results that lack detail. While recent generative models can create richer details, their common unidirectional design often compromises content fidelity by distorting original structures. We introduce Bi-Bridge, a unified framework that models both enhancement and its inverse degradation within a single symmetric diffusion bridge. By compelling the network to preserve essential content structures across both transformations, this bidirectional learning acts as a powerful constraint, leading to significantly more faithful and realistic restorations. Extensive experiments show that Bi-Bridge outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods across multiple benchmarks, establishing a new standard for fidelity and perceptual quality.

We propose Tea-Adapter, a plug-and-play adapter designed to efficiently integrate conditional knowledge from a smaller teacher model into a larger student video diffusion model. Existing controllable video DiT methods face critical challenges: full fine-tuning of billion-parameter models is extremely expensive. At the same time, ControlNets introduce substantial parameter overhead and exhibit limited flexibility for novel multi-condition compositions. To overcome these issues, Tea-Adapter introduces a novel reverse distillation method that enables large video diffusion models to inherit precise control capabilities from smaller, efficiently tuned teacher diffusion models, eliminating the need for full fine-tuning. Moreover, recognizing the intrinsic relationships between different conditions, we replace the cascaded ControlNet design with a Mixture of Condition Experts (MCE) layer. This structure dynamically routes diverse conditional inputs within a unified architecture, supporting both single-condition control and multiple condition combinations without additional training cost. To achieve cross-scale knowledge transfer, we further develop a Feature Propagation Module to ensure efficient and temporally consistent feature propagation across video frames. Experiments demonstrate that Tea-Adapter enables high-fidelity, multi-condition video synthesis, making advanced, controllable video generation feasible on low-resource hardware.

Autoregressive (AR) models offer stable and efficient training, but standard next-token prediction is not well aligned with the temporal structure required for text-conditioned motion generation. We introduce MoScale, a next-scale AR framework that generates motion hierarchically from coarse to fine temporal resolutions. By providing global semantics at the coarsest scale and refining them progressively, MoScale establishes a causal hierarchy better suited for long-range motion structure. To improve robustness under limited text-motion data, we further incorporate cross-scale hierarchical refinement for improving per-scale initial predictions and in-scale temporal refinement for selective bidirectional re-prediction. MoScale achieves SOTA text-to-motion performance with high training efficiency, scales effectively with model size, and generalizes zero-shot to diverse motion generation and editing tasks. Code and additional materials are available on the webpage.

Recent vision-language model (VLM)-based approaches have achieved impressive results on image vectorization tasks. However, they are typically evaluated on synthetic benchmarks, where clean SVGs are rasterized at high resolution and then re-vectorized. As a result, these methods generalize poorly to real-world scenarios, such as images with unknown rasterization methods or those generated by text-to-image models.We introduce VectorArk, a new VLM-based model designed for robust and practical image vectorization. VectorArk employs a novel rounded polygon representation that simplifies the learning process while naturally producing smooth, visually appealing primitives. We also propose a degradation model that enhances robustness across diverse and imperfect inputs.Our experiments show that, in contrast to previous methods, VectorArk achieves superior geometric completeness and artifact suppression across multiple datasets, with comprehensive ablations validating the contribution of each component.

Thinking with images has emerged as an effective paradigm for advancing visual reasoning, extending beyond text-only chains of thought by injecting visual evidence into intermediate reasoning steps. However, existing methods fall short of human-like abstract visual thinking, as their flexibility is fundamentally limited by external tools. In this work, we introduce Monet, a training framework that enables multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to reason directly within the latent visual space by generating continuous embeddings that function as intermediate visual thoughts. We identify two core challenges in training MLLMs for latent visual reasoning--high computational cost in latent-vision alignment and insufficient supervision over latent embeddings, and address them with a three-stage distillation-based supervised fine-tuning (SFT) pipeline. We further reveal a limitation of applying GRPO to latent reasoning: it primarily enhances text-based reasoning rather than latent reasoning. To overcome this, we propose VLPO (Visual-latent Policy Optimization), a reinforcement learning method that explicitly incorporates latent embeddings into policy gradient updates.To support SFT, we construct Monet-SFT-125K, a high-quality text-image interleaved CoT dataset containing 125K real-world, chart, OCR, and geometry CoTs. Our model, Monet-7B, shows consistent gains across real-world perception and reasoning benchmarks and exhibits strong out-of-distribution generalization on challenging abstract visual reasoning tasks. We also empirically analyze the role of each training component and discuss our early unsuccessful attempts, providing insights for future developments in visual latent reasoning.