CVPR 2025 论文列表

Camera-only multi-view 3D object detection in autonomous driving has witnessed encouraging developments in recent years, largely attributed to the revolution of fundamental architectures in modeling bird's eye view (BEV). Despite the growing overall average performance, we contend that the exploration of more specific and challenging corner cases hasn't received adequate attention. In this work, we delve into a specific yet critical issue for safe autonomous driving: occlusion. To alleviate this challenge, we draw inspiration from the human amodal perception system, which is proven to have the capacity for mentally reconstructing the complete semantic concept of occluded objects with prior knowledge. More specifically, we introduce auxiliary visual and language prototypes, akin to human prior knowledge, to enhance the diminished object features caused by occlusion. Inspired by Siamese object tracking, we fuse the information from these prototypes with the baseline model through an efficient depth-wise correlation, thereby enhancing the quality of object-related features and guiding the learning of 3D object queries, especially for partially occluded ones. Furthermore, we propose the random pixel drop to mimic occlusion and the multi-modal contrastive loss to align visual features of different occlusion levels to a unified space during training. Our inspiration originates from addressing occlusion, however, we are surprised to find that the proposed framework also enhances robustness in various challenging scenarios that diminish object representation, such as inclement weather conditions. By applying our model to different baselines, i.e., BEVFormer and SparseBEV, we demonstrate consistent improvements.

Multi-center star shape is a prevalent object shape feature, which has proven effective in model-based image segmentation methods. However, the shape field function induced by the multi-center star shape is non-smooth, and directly applying it to the data-driven image segmentation network architecture design may lead to instability in backpropagation. This paper proposes a convex combination star (CCS) shape, possessing multi-center star shape properties, and has the advantage of effectively controlling the shape of the region through a smooth field function. The sufficient condition of the proposed CCS shape can be combined into the image segmentation neural network structure design through the bridge between the variational segmentation model and the activation function of the data-driven method. Taking Segment Anything Model (SAM) and its improved version as backbone networks, we have shown that the segmentation network architecture with CCS shape properties can greatly improve the accuracy of segmentation results.

We present BootControl, a novel framework based on text-to-image diffusion models for controllable human image generation with multiple reference garments.Here, the main bottleneck is data acquisition for training: collecting a large-scale dataset of high-quality reference garment images per human subject is quite challenging, i.e., ideally, one needs to manually gather every single garment photograph worn by each human.To address this, we propose a data generation pipeline to construct a large synthetic dataset, consisting of human and multiple-garment pairs, by introducing a model to extract any reference garment images from each human image.To ensure data quality, we also propose a filtering strategy to remove undesirable generated data based on measuring perceptual similarities between the garment presented in human image and extracted garment.Finally, by utilizing the constructed synthetic dataset, we train a diffusion model having two parallel denoising paths that use multiple garment images as conditions to generate human images while preserving their fine-grained details.We further show the wide-applicability of our framework by adapting it to different types of reference-based generation in the fashion domain, including virtual try-on, and controllable human image generation with other conditions, e.g., pose, face, etc.

Manipulation of facial images to meet specific controls such as pose, expression, and lighting, also referred to as face rigging is a complex task in computer vision. Existing methods are limited by their reliance on image datasets, which necessitates individual-specific fine-tuning and limits their ability to retain fine-grained identity and semantic details, reducing practical usability. To overcome these limitations, we introduce ControlFace, a novel face rigging method conditioned on 3DMM renderings that enables flexible, high-fidelity control. ControlFace employs a dual-branch U-Nets: one, referred to as FaceNet, captures identity and fine details, while the other focuses on generation. To enhance control precision, control mixer module encodes the correlated features between the target-aligned control and reference-aligned control, and a novel guidance method, reference control guidance, steers the generation process for better control adherence. By training on a facial video dataset, we fully utilize FaceNet's rich representations while ensuring control adherence. Extensive experiments demonstrate ControlFace's superior performance in identity preservation, and control precision, highlighting its practicality. Code and pre-trained weights will be publicly available.

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have significantly improved the quality of generated images. However, providing efficient control over individual subjects, particularly the attributes characterizing them, remains a key challenge. While existing methods have introduced mechanisms to modulate attribute expression, they typically provide either detailed, object-specific localization of such a modification or full-scale fine-grained, nuanced control of attributes. No current approach offers both simultaneously, resulting in a gap when trying to achieve precise continuous and subject-specific attribute modulation in image generation. In this work, we demonstrate that token-level directions exist within commonly used CLIP text embeddings that enable fine-grained, subject-specific control of high-level attributes in T2I models. We introduce two methods to identify these directions: a simple, optimization-free technique and a learning-based approach that utilizes the T2I model to characterize semantic concepts more specifically. Our methods allow the augmentation of the prompt text input, enabling fine-grained control over multiple attributes of individual subjects simultaneously, without requiring any modifications to the diffusion model itself. This approach offers a unified solution that fills the gap between global and localized control, providing competitive flexibility and precision in text-guided image generation.

Space-time video resampling aims to conduct both spatial-temporal downsampling and upsampling processes to achieve high-quality video reconstruction.Although there has been much progress, some major challenges still exist, such as how to preserve motion information during temporal resampling while avoiding blurring artifacts, and how to achieve flexible temporal and spatial resampling factors. In this paper, we introduce an Invertible Motion Steganography Module (IMSM), designed to preserve motion information in high-frame-rate videos. This module embeds motion information from high-frame-rate videos into downsampled frames with lower frame rates in a visually imperceptible manner. Its reversible nature allows the motion information to be recovered, facilitating the reconstruction of high-frame-rate videos. Furthermore, we propose a 3D implicit feature modulation technique that enables continuous spatiotemporal resampling. With tailored training strategies, our method supports flexible frame rate conversions, including non-integer changes like 30 FPS to 24 FPS and vice versa. Extensive experiments show that our method significantly outperforms existing solutions across multiple datasets in various video resampling tasks with high flexibility. Codes will be made available.

Modeling and reproducing crowd behaviors are important in various domains including psychology, robotics, transport engineering and virtual environments. Conventional methods have focused on synthesizing momentary scenes, which have difficulty in replicating the continuous nature of real-world crowds. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for automatically generating continuous, realistic crowd trajectories with heterogeneous behaviors and interactions among individuals. We first design a crowd emitter model. To do this, we obtain spatial layouts from single input images, including a segmentation map, appearance map, population density map and population probability, prior to crowd generation. The emitter then continually places individuals on the timeline by assigning independent behavior characteristics such as agents' type, pace, and start/end positions using diffusion models. Next, our crowd simulator produces their long-term locomotions. To simulate diverse actions, it can augment their behaviors based on a Markov chain. As a result, our overall framework populates the scenes with heterogeneous crowd behaviors by alternating between the proposed emitter and simulator. Note that all the components in the proposed framework are user-controllable. Lastly, we propose a benchmark protocol to evaluate the realism and quality of the generated crowds in terms of the scene-level population dynamics and the individual-level trajectory accuracy. We demonstrate that our approach effectively models diverse crowd behavior patterns and generalizes well across different geographical environments. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/InhwanBae/CrowdES.

All-in-one models for adverse weather removal aim to process various degraded images using a single set of parameters, making them ideal for real-world scenarios. However, they encounter two main challenges: catastrophic forgetting and limited degradation awareness. The former causes the model to lose knowledge of previously learned scenarios, reducing its overall effectiveness. While the later hampers the model's ability to accurately identify and respond to specific types of degradation, limiting its performance across diverse adverse weather conditions. To address these issues, we introduce the Incremental Learning Adverse Weather Removal (ILAWR) framework, which uses a novel degradation-aware distillation strategy for continuous weather removal. Specifically, we first design a degradation-aware module that utilizes Fourier priors to capture a broad range of degradation features, effectively mitigating catastrophic forgetting in low-level visual tasks. Then, we implement multilateral distillation, which combines knowledge from multiple teacher models using an importance-guided aggregation approach. This enables the model to balance adaptation to new degradation types with the preservation of background details. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets confirm that ILAWR outperforms existing models across multiple benchmarks, proving its effectiveness in continuous adverse weather removal.

We present a unified framework capable of solving a broad range of 3D tasks. Our approach features a stateful recurrent model that continuously updates its state representation with each new observation. Given a stream of images, this evolving state can be used to generate metric-scale pointmaps (per-pixel 3D points) for each new input in an online fashion. These pointmaps reside within a common coordinate system, and can be accumulated into a coherent, dense scene reconstruction that updates as new images arrive. Our model, called CUT3R (Continuous Updating Transformer for 3D Reconstruction), captures rich priors of real-world scenes: not only can it predict accurate pointmaps from image observations, but it can also infer unseen regions of the scene by probing at virtual, unobserved views. Our method is simple yet highly flexible, naturally accepting varying length of images that may be either video streams or unordered photo collections, containing both static and dynamic content. We evaluate our method on various 3D/4D tasks and demonstrate competitive or state-of-the-art performance in each. Project page: https://cut3r.github.io/.

Multimodal RLHF usually happens after supervised finetuning (SFT) stage to continually improve vision-language models' (VLMs) comprehension. Conventional wisdom holds its superiority over continual SFT during this preference alignment stage. In this paper, we observe that the inherent value of multimodal RLHF lies in its negative supervision, the logit of the rejected responses. We thus propose a novel negative supervised finetuning (nSFT) approach that fully excavates these information resided. Our nSFT disentangles this negative supervision in RLHF paradigm, and continually aligns VLMs with a simple SFT loss. This is more memory efficient than multimodal RLHF where 2 (e.g., DPO) or 4 (e.g., PPO) large VLMs are strictly required. The effectiveness of nSFT is rigorously proved by comparing it with various multimodal RLHF approaches, across different dataset sources, base VLMs and evaluation metrics. Besides, fruitful of ablations are provided to support our hypothesis. Code will be found in https://github.com/Kevinz-code/nSFT/.

The Audio Description (AD) task aims to generate descriptions of visual elements for visually impaired individuals to help them access long-form video contents, like movie. With video feature, text, character bank and context information as inputs, the generated ADs are able to correspond to the characters by name and provide reasonable, contextual descriptions to help audience understand the storyline of movie. To achieve this goal, we propose to leverage pre-trained foundation models through a simple and unified framework to generate ADs with interleaved multimodal sequence as input, termed as Uni-AD. To enhance the alignment of features across various modalities with finer granularity, we introduce a simple and lightweight module that maps video features into the textual feature space. Moreover, we also propose a character-refinement module to provide more precise information by identifying the main characters who play more significant role in the video context. With these unique designs, we further incorporate contextual information and a contrastive loss into our architecture to generate more smooth and contextual ADs. Experiments on the MAD-eval dataset show that Uni-AD can achieve state-of-the-art performance on AD generation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach. Our code is available at: https://github.com/ant-research/UniAD.

Online Action Detection (OAD) detects actions in streaming videos using past observations. State-of-the-art OAD approaches model past observations and their interactions with an anticipated future. The past is encoded using short- and long-term memories to capture immediate and long-range dependencies, while anticipation compensates for missing future context.We identify a training-inference discrepancy in existing OAD methods that hinders learning effectiveness. The training uses varying lengths of short-term memory, while inference relies on a full-length short-term memory. As a remedy, we propose a Context-enhanced Memory-Refined Transformer (CMeRT). CMeRT introduces a context-enhanced encoder to improve frame representations using additional near-past context. It also features a memory-refined decoder to leverage near-future generation to enhance performance. CMeRT achieves state-of-the-art in online detection and anticipation on THUMOS'14, CrossTask, and EPIC-Kitchens-100.

Diffusion models have achieved significant progress in the task of image animation due to their powerful generative capabilities. However, preserving appearance consistency to the static input image, and avoiding abrupt motion change in the generated animation, remains challenging. In this paper, we introduce Cinemo, a novel image animation approach that aims to achieve better appearance consistency and motion smoothness. The core of Cinemo is to focus on learning the distribution of motion residuals, rather than directly predicting frames as in existing diffusion models. During the inference, we further mitigate the sudden motion changes in the generated video by introducing a novel DCT-based noise refinement strategy. To counteract the over-smoothing of motion, we introduce a dynamics degree control design for better control of the magnitude of motion. Altogether, these strategies enable Cinemo to produce highly consistent, smooth, and motion-controllable results. Extensive experiments compared with several state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed approach. In the end, we also demonstrate how our model can be applied for motion transfer or video editing of any given video.

The orientation of surface normals in 3D point cloud is a fundamental problem in computer vision and graphics. Determining a globally consistent orientation solely from the point cloud is however challenging due to the global scope of the problem and the discrete nature of point cloud, particularly in the presence of noise, outliers, holes, thin structures, and complex topologies. This paper presents an efficient, robust, and global algorithm for generating consistent normal orientation of a dense 3D point cloud. The basic idea is to transform the original binary normal orientation problem to finding a relaxed sign field on a Delaunay graph, which can be achieved by solving a sparse linear system. The Delaunay graph is constructed by triangulating a level set of an implicit function defined from the input point cloud. The shape diameter function is estimated to serve as a prior for determining an appropriate level value such that the level set implicitly defines the inner and outer shells enclosing the input point clouds. As such, our algorithm leverages the strengths of the shape diameter function, Delaunay triangulation, and the least-square techniques, making the underlying processes take both geometry and topology into consideration, and thus provides an efficient and robust solution for handling point clouds with complicated geometry and topology. Extensive experiments on various shapes with noise and outliers confirm the effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm.

Iterative-based methods have become mainstream in stereo matching due to their high performance. However, these methods heavily rely on labeled data and face challenges with unlabeled real-world data. To this end, we propose a consistency-aware self-training framework for iterative-based stereo matching for the first time, leveraging real-world unlabeled data in a teacher-student manner. We first observe that regions with larger errors tend to exhibit more pronounced oscillation characteristics during model prediction.Based on this, we introduce a novel consistency-aware soft filtering module to evaluate the reliability of teacher-predicted pseudo-labels, which consists of a multi-resolution prediction consistency filter and an iterative prediction consistency filter to assess the prediction fluctuations of multiple resolutions and iterative optimization respectively. Further, we introduce a consistency-aware soft-weighted loss to adjust the weight of pseudo-labels accordingly, relieving the error accumulation and performance degradation problem due to incorrect pseudo-labels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can improve the performance of various iterative-based stereo matching approaches in various scenarios. In particular, our method can achieve further enhancements over the current SOTA methods on several benchmark datasets.

Posterior sampling in high-dimensional spaces using generative models holds significant promise for various applications, including but not limited to inverse problems and guided generation tasks. Generating diverse posterior samples remains expensive, as existing methods require restarting the entire generative process for each new sample. In this work, we propose a posterior sampling approach that simulates Langevin dynamics in the noise space of a pre-trained generative model. By exploiting the mapping between the noise and data spaces which can be provided by distilled flows or consistency models, our method enables seamless exploration of the posterior without the need to re-run the full sampling chain, drastically reducing computational overhead. Theoretically, we prove a guarantee for the proposed noise-space Langevin dynamics to approximate the posterior, assuming that the generative model sufficiently approximates the prior distribution. Our framework is experimentally validated on image restoration tasks involving noisy linear and nonlinear forward operators applied to LSUN-Bedroom (256 x 256) and ImageNet (64 x 64) datasets. The results demonstrate that our approach generates high-fidelity samples with enhanced semantic diversity even under a limited number of function evaluations, offering superior efficiency and performance compared to existing diffusion-based posterior sampling techniques.

In large vision-language models (LVLMs), images serve as inputs that carry a wealth of information. As the idiom "A picture is worth a thousand words" implies, representing a single image in current LVLMs can require hundreds or even thousands of tokens. This results in significant computational costs, which grow quadratically as input image resolution increases, thereby severely impacting the efficiency. Previous approaches have attempted to reduce the number of image tokens either before or within the early layers of LVLMs. However, these strategies inevitably result in the loss of crucial image information. To address this challenge, we conduct an empirical study revealing that all visual tokens are necessary for LVLMs in the shallow layers, and token redundancy progressively increases in the deeper layers.To this end, we propose ViCo, a conical-style visual concentration strategy for LVLMs to boost their efficiency in both training and inference with neglectable performance loss. Specifically, we partition the LVLM into several stages and drop part of the image tokens at the end of each stage with a pre-defined ratio. The dropping is based on a lightweight similarity calculation with a negligible time overhead. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ViCo can achieve over 40% training time reduction and 55% inference FLOPs acceleration on leading LVLMs like LLaVA-NeXT, maintaining comparable multi-modal performance. Besides, ViCo can also serve as a plug-and-play strategy to accelerate inference in a free way, with better performance and lower inference cost than counterparts.

Vision-language models pre-trained at large scale have shown unprecedented adaptability and generalization to downstream tasks. Although its discriminative potential has been widely explored, its reliability and uncertainty are still overlooked. In this work, we investigate the capabilities of CLIP models under the split conformal prediction paradigm, which provides theoretical guarantees to black-box models based on a small, labeled calibration set. In contrast to the main body of literature on conformal predictors in vision classifiers, foundation models exhibit a particular characteristic: they are pre-trained on a one-time basis on an inaccessible source domain, different from the transferred task. This domain drift negatively affects the efficiency of the conformal sets and poses additional challenges. To alleviate this issue, we propose Conf-OT, a transfer learning setting that operates transductive over the combined calibration and query sets. Solving an optimal transport problem, the proposed method bridges the domain gap between pre-training and adaptation without requiring additional data splits but still maintaining coverage guarantees. We comprehensively explore this conformal prediction strategy on a broad span of 15 datasets and three non-conformity scores. Conf-OT provides consistent relative improvements of up to 20% on set efficiency while being 15 times faster than popular transductive approaches.

Scene Graph Generation (SGG) aims to represent visual scenes by identifying objects and their pairwise relationships, providing a structured understanding of image content. However, inherent challenges like long-tailed class distributions and prediction variability necessitate uncertainty quantification in SGG for its practical viability. In this paper, we introduce a novel Conformal Prediction based framework, adaptive to any existing SGG method, for quantifying their predictive uncertainty by constructing well-calibrated prediction sets over their generated scene graphs. These scene graph prediction sets are designed to achieve statistically rigorous coverage guarantees under exchangeability assumptions. Additionally, to ensure the prediction sets contain the most practically interpretable scene graphs, we propose an effective MLLM-based post-processing strategy for selecting the most visually and semantically plausible scene graphs within each set. We show that our proposed approach can produce diverse possible scene graphs from an image, assess the reliability of SGG methods, and improve overall SGG performance.