Counterfactual Fairness papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Counterfactual Fairness fell from 31 papers in 2023 to 21 in 2026, so interest is cooling.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Counterfactual Fairness work: 39 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Counterfactual Explanation: papers tagged with both rose from 8 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Causal and Fairness, it ranks #5 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Causal Discovery, is up 2.4x versus 0.7x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026CounterFlowNet: From Minimal Changes to Meaningful Counterfactual Explanations
• ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
• ICLR 2026Counterfactual Explanations on Robust Perceptual Geodesics
• NeurIPS 2025Statistical Parity with Exponential Weights
• ICML 2025Causal Logistic Bandits with Counterfactual Fairness Constraints
• ICLR 2025Certifying Counterfactual Bias in LLMs
• NeurIPS 2024Reproducibility Study: Equal Improvability: A New Fairness Notion Considering the Long-Term Impact
• ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
• ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
• CVPR 2024FADES: Fair Disentanglement with Sensitive Relevance
• NeurIPS 2023[Re] Fairness Guarantees under Demographic Shift
• ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
• ICLR 2023FairGBM: Gradient Boosting with Fairness Constraints
• CVPR 2023Improving Fairness in Facial Albedo Estimation via Visual-Textual Cues
• NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
• ICML 2026The Fairness Hierarchy: A viewpoint from causal inference
• ICLR 2026Counterfactual LLM-based Framework for Measuring Rhetorical Style
• NeurIPS 2025On Hierarchies of Fairness Notions in Cake Cutting: From Proportionality to Super Envy-Freeness
• ICML 2025Counterfactual Graphical Models: Constraints and Inference
• ICLR 2025Towards counterfactual fairness through auxiliary variables

All Counterfactual Fairness papers

39 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
2. ICML 2026COPF: An Online Framework for Deployment-Stable Counterfactual Fairness in Evolving Graphs
3. ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
4. ICML 2026Optimal Fair Aggregation of Crowdsourced Noisy Labels using Demographic Parity Constraints
5. ICML 2026Optimal Transport under Group Fairness Constraints
6. ICML 2026Score Correction for Generative Models with Probabilistic Constraints
7. ICML 2026The Fairness Hierarchy: A viewpoint from causal inference
8. ICML 2025Accelerating Spectral Clustering under Fairness Constraints
9. ICML 2025Causal Logistic Bandits with Counterfactual Fairness Constraints
10. ICML 2025Counterfactual Graphical Models: Constraints and Inference
11. ICML 2025Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation via Active Learning: A Counterfactual Covering Perspective
12. ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
13. ICML 2025Fairness on Principal Stratum: A New Perspective on Counterfactual Fairness
14. ICML 2025FairPFN: A Tabular Foundation Model for Causal Fairness
15. ICML 2025Transformer-Based Spatial-Temporal Counterfactual Outcomes Estimation
16. ICML 2024A Dual-module Framework for Counterfactual Estimation over Time
17. ICML 2024An Empirical Examination of Balancing Strategy for Counterfactual Estimation on Time Series
18. ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
19. ICML 2024Do Large Code Models Understand Programming Concepts? Counterfactual Analysis for Code Predicates
20. ICML 2024Do Models Explain Themselves? Counterfactual Simulatability of Natural Language Explanations
21. ICML 2024Fair Risk Control: A Generalized Framework for Calibrating Multi-group Fairness Risks
22. ICML 2024FRAPPÉ: A Group Fairness Framework for Post-Processing Everything
23. ICML 2024How Far Can Fairness Constraints Help Recover From Biased Data?
24. ICML 2024Monotone Individual Fairness
25. ICML 2024Refined Coreset Selection: Towards Minimal Coreset Size under Model Performance Constraints
26. ICML 2024Standardized Interpretable Fairness Measures for Continuous Risk Scores
27. ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
28. ICML 2023Eventual Discounting Temporal Logic Counterfactual Experience Replay
29. ICML 2023Fairness in Matching under Uncertainty
30. ICML 2023Fairness in Streaming Submodular Maximization over a Matroid Constraint
31. ICML 2023GLOBE-CE: A Translation Based Approach for Global Counterfactual Explanations
32. ICML 2023Improving l1-Certified Robustness via Randomized Smoothing by Leveraging Box Constraints
33. ICML 2023Matrix Estimation for Individual Fairness
34. ICML 2023Robust Counterfactual Explanations for Neural Networks With Probabilistic Guarantees
35. ICML 2023Sequential Counterfactual Risk Minimization
36. ICML 2023Subset Selection Based On Multiple Rankings in the Presence of Bias: Effectiveness of Fairness Constraints for Multiwinner Voting Score Functions
37. ICML 2023Superhuman Fairness
38. ICML 2023Trustworthy Policy Learning under the Counterfactual No-Harm Criterion
39. ICML 2023Weak Proxies are Sufficient and Preferable for Fairness with Missing Sensitive Attributes

FAQ

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

102 in total: 31 in 2023, 31 in 2024, 19 in 2025, 21 in 2026.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 10 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 4 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 6 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 7 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 8 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Fairness papers are at CVPR 2024?

CVPR 2024 has 3 Counterfactual Fairness papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Counterfactual Fairness papers?

NeurIPS, with 39 papers from 2023 to 2026.