Counterfactual Explanation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Counterfactual Explanation went from 21 papers in 2023 to 26 in 2026, roughly 1.2x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation work: 31 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Counterfactual Fairness: papers tagged with both rose from 8 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Interpretability, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Mechanistic Interpretability, is up 8.1x versus 1.2x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
• ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
• ICLR 2026Training-free Counterfactual Explanation for Temporal Graph Model Inference
• CVPR 2026Back to the Feature Explaining Video Classifiers with Video Counterfactual
• NeurIPS 2025Causal Explanation-Guided Learning for Organ Allocation
• ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
• ICLR 2025Generating Likely Counterfactuals Using Sum-Product Networks
• CVPR 2025Towards Fine-Grained Interpretability: Counterfactual Explanations for Misclassification with Saliency Partition
• NeurIPS 2024AR-Pro: Counterfactual Explanations for Anomaly Repair with Formal Properties
• ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
• ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
• CVPR 2024Looking Similar Sounding Different: Leveraging Counterfactual Cross-Modal Pairs for Audiovisual Representation Learning
• NeurIPS 2023[Re] FOCUS: Flexible Optimizable Counterfactual Explanations for Tree Ensembles
• ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
• ICLR 2023Measuring Forgetting of Memorized Training Examples
• CVPR 2023OCTET: Object-Aware Counterfactual Explanations
• NeurIPS 2026Tracing Actual Causes with Counterfactual Witness Maps
• ICML 2026Algorithmic Recourse of In-Context Learning for Tabular Data
• ICLR 2026ATEX-CF: Attack-Informed Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks
• CVPR 2026Making the Classification Explanation Faithful to the Confidence Score

All Counterfactual Explanation papers

23 papers, page 1 of 1

1. CVPR 2025Finer-CAM: Spotting the Difference Reveals Finer Details for Visual Explanation
2. CVPR 2025Towards Fine-Grained Interpretability: Counterfactual Explanations for Misclassification with Saliency Partition
3. ICLR 2025Counterfactual Concept Bottleneck Models
4. ICLR 2025Generating Likely Counterfactuals Using Sum-Product Networks
5. ICLR 2025Interpreting Language Reward Models via Contrastive Explanations
6. ICLR 2025Null Counterfactual Factor Interactions for Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning
7. ICLR 2025Reasoning Elicitation in Language Models via Counterfactual Feedback
8. ICML 2025A New Approach to Backtracking Counterfactual Explanations: A Unified Causal Framework for Efficient Model Interpretability
9. ICML 2025Algorithmic Recourse for Long-Term Improvement
10. ICML 2025CoDy: Counterfactual Explainers for Dynamic Graphs
11. ICML 2025COMRECGC: Global Graph Counterfactual Explainer through Common Recourse
12. ICML 2025Counterfactual Contrastive Learning with Normalizing Flows for Robust Treatment Effect Estimation
13. ICML 2025Counterfactual Effect Decomposition in Multi-Agent Sequential Decision Making
14. ICML 2025Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation via Active Learning: A Counterfactual Covering Perspective
15. ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
16. ICML 2025Transformer-Based Spatial-Temporal Counterfactual Outcomes Estimation
17. NeurIPS 2025A Hierarchy of Graphical Models for Counterfactual Inferences
18. NeurIPS 2025Causal Explanation-Guided Learning for Organ Allocation
19. NeurIPS 2025Collective Counterfactual Explanations: Balancing Individual Goals and Collective Dynamics
20. NeurIPS 2025Few-Shot Knowledge Distillation of LLMs With Counterfactual Explanations
21. NeurIPS 2025LeapFactual: Reliable Visual Counterfactual Explanation Using Conditional Flow Matching
22. NeurIPS 2025Learning Counterfactual Outcomes Under Rank Preservation
23. NeurIPS 2025Learning Gradient Boosted Decision Trees with Algorithmic Recourse

FAQ

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

90 in total: 21 in 2023, 20 in 2024, 23 in 2025, 26 in 2026.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 15 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 7 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 5 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 4 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 9 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation papers?

NeurIPS, with 31 papers from 2023 to 2026.