Counterfactual Explanation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Counterfactual Explanation went from 21 papers in 2023 to 26 in 2026, roughly 1.2x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation work: 31 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Counterfactual Fairness: papers tagged with both rose from 8 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Interpretability, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Mechanistic Interpretability, is up 8.1x versus 1.2x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
• ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
• ICLR 2026Training-free Counterfactual Explanation for Temporal Graph Model Inference
• CVPR 2026Back to the Feature Explaining Video Classifiers with Video Counterfactual
• NeurIPS 2025Causal Explanation-Guided Learning for Organ Allocation
• ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
• ICLR 2025Generating Likely Counterfactuals Using Sum-Product Networks
• CVPR 2025Towards Fine-Grained Interpretability: Counterfactual Explanations for Misclassification with Saliency Partition
• NeurIPS 2024AR-Pro: Counterfactual Explanations for Anomaly Repair with Formal Properties
• ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
• ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
• CVPR 2024Looking Similar Sounding Different: Leveraging Counterfactual Cross-Modal Pairs for Audiovisual Representation Learning
• NeurIPS 2023[Re] FOCUS: Flexible Optimizable Counterfactual Explanations for Tree Ensembles
• ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
• ICLR 2023Measuring Forgetting of Memorized Training Examples
• CVPR 2023OCTET: Object-Aware Counterfactual Explanations
• NeurIPS 2026Tracing Actual Causes with Counterfactual Witness Maps
• ICML 2026Algorithmic Recourse of In-Context Learning for Tabular Data
• ICLR 2026ATEX-CF: Attack-Informed Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks
• CVPR 2026Making the Classification Explanation Faithful to the Confidence Score

All Counterfactual Explanation papers

20 papers, page 1 of 1

1. CVPR 2024Looking Similar Sounding Different: Leveraging Counterfactual Cross-Modal Pairs for Audiovisual Representation Learning
2. CVPR 2024Revisiting Counterfactual Problems in Referring Expression Comprehension
3. ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
4. ICLR 2024Dynamic Discounted Counterfactual Regret Minimization
5. ICLR 2024UNR-Explainer: Counterfactual Explanations for Unsupervised Node Representation Learning Models
6. ICML 2024A Dual-module Framework for Counterfactual Estimation over Time
7. ICML 2024An Empirical Examination of Balancing Strategy for Counterfactual Estimation on Time Series
8. ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
9. ICML 2024Counterfactual Image Editing
10. ICML 2024Counterfactual Metarules for Local and Global Recourse
11. ICML 2024Designing Decision Support Systems using Counterfactual Prediction Sets
12. ICML 2024Do Large Code Models Understand Programming Concepts? Counterfactual Analysis for Code Predicates
13. ICML 2024Do Models Explain Themselves? Counterfactual Simulatability of Natural Language Explanations
14. ICML 2024Et Tu Certifications: Robustness Certificates Yield Better Adversarial Examples
15. ICML 2024On Gradient-like Explanation under a Black-box Setting: When Black-box Explanations Become as Good as White-box
16. NeurIPS 2024A Neural Network Approach for Efficiently Answering Most Probable Explanation Queries in Probabilistic Models
17. NeurIPS 2024AR-Pro: Counterfactual Explanations for Anomaly Repair with Formal Properties
18. NeurIPS 2024Exogenous Matching: Learning Good Proposals for Tractable Counterfactual Estimation
19. NeurIPS 2024Extensive-Form Game Solving via Blackwell Approachability on Treeplexes
20. NeurIPS 2024Training for Stable Explanation for Free

FAQ

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

90 in total: 21 in 2023, 20 in 2024, 23 in 2025, 26 in 2026.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 15 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 7 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 5 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 4 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 9 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation papers?

NeurIPS, with 31 papers from 2023 to 2026.