Counterfactual Explanation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Counterfactual Explanation went from 21 papers in 2023 to 26 in 2026, roughly 1.2x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation work: 31 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Counterfactual Fairness: papers tagged with both rose from 8 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Interpretability, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Mechanistic Interpretability, is up 8.1x versus 1.2x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
• ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
• ICLR 2026Training-free Counterfactual Explanation for Temporal Graph Model Inference
• CVPR 2026Back to the Feature Explaining Video Classifiers with Video Counterfactual
• NeurIPS 2025Causal Explanation-Guided Learning for Organ Allocation
• ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
• ICLR 2025Generating Likely Counterfactuals Using Sum-Product Networks
• CVPR 2025Towards Fine-Grained Interpretability: Counterfactual Explanations for Misclassification with Saliency Partition
• NeurIPS 2024AR-Pro: Counterfactual Explanations for Anomaly Repair with Formal Properties
• ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
• ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
• CVPR 2024Looking Similar Sounding Different: Leveraging Counterfactual Cross-Modal Pairs for Audiovisual Representation Learning
• NeurIPS 2023[Re] FOCUS: Flexible Optimizable Counterfactual Explanations for Tree Ensembles
• ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
• ICLR 2023Measuring Forgetting of Memorized Training Examples
• CVPR 2023OCTET: Object-Aware Counterfactual Explanations
• NeurIPS 2026Tracing Actual Causes with Counterfactual Witness Maps
• ICML 2026Algorithmic Recourse of In-Context Learning for Tabular Data
• ICLR 2026ATEX-CF: Attack-Informed Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks
• CVPR 2026Making the Classification Explanation Faithful to the Confidence Score

All Counterfactual Explanation papers

21 papers, page 1 of 1

1. CVPR 2023Adversarial Counterfactual Visual Explanations
2. CVPR 2023Grounding Counterfactual Explanation of Image Classifiers to Textual Concept Space
3. CVPR 2023IDGI: A Framework To Eliminate Explanation Noise From Integrated Gradients
4. CVPR 2023Masked Images Are Counterfactual Samples for Robust Fine-Tuning
5. CVPR 2023OCTET: Object-Aware Counterfactual Explanations
6. CVPR 2023Spatial-Temporal Concept Based Explanation of 3D ConvNets
7. CVPR 2023Towards Transferable Targeted Adversarial Examples
8. ICLR 2023Measuring Forgetting of Memorized Training Examples
9. ICLR 2023Robust Explanation Constraints for Neural Networks
10. ICML 2023Cluster Explanation via Polyhedral Descriptions
11. ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
12. ICML 2023Eventual Discounting Temporal Logic Counterfactual Experience Replay
13. ICML 2023GLOBE-CE: A Translation Based Approach for Global Counterfactual Explanations
14. ICML 2023PWSHAP: A Path-Wise Explanation Model for Targeted Variables
15. ICML 2023Robust Counterfactual Explanations for Neural Networks With Probabilistic Guarantees
16. ICML 2023Sequential Counterfactual Risk Minimization
17. ICML 2023Trustworthy Policy Learning under the Counterfactual No-Harm Criterion
18. NeurIPS 2023[Re] FOCUS: Flexible Optimizable Counterfactual Explanations for Tree Ensembles
19. NeurIPS 2023Counterfactual Evaluation of Peer-Review Assignment Policies
20. NeurIPS 2023Learning with Explanation Constraints
21. NeurIPS 2023The Utility of “Even if” Semifactual Explanation to Optimise Positive Outcomes

FAQ

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

90 in total: 21 in 2023, 20 in 2024, 23 in 2025, 26 in 2026.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 15 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 7 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 5 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 4 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 9 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation papers?

NeurIPS, with 31 papers from 2023 to 2026.