Clinical NLP papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Clinical NLP went from 15 papers in 2023 to 48 in 2026, roughly 3.2x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Clinical NLP work: 48 papers from 2023 to 2026, 47% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 2 in 2023 to 14 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Health and Life Sciences, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Medical Imaging, is up 2.9x versus 3.2x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Artificial Aphasias in Lesioned Language Models
• ICML 2026NBCG: Nash-Bargained Causal Game for Long-Tailed Multi-Label NLP
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026Med-CMR A Fine-Grained Benchmark Integrating Visual Evidence and Clinical Logic
• NeurIPS 2025Timely Clinical Diagnosis through Active Test Selection
• ICML 2025Doubly Protected Estimation for Survival Outcomes Utilizing External Controls for Randomized Clinical Trials
• ICLR 2025Effective post-training embedding compression via temperature control in contrastive training
• NeurIPS 2024Newswire: A Large-Scale Structured Database of a Century of Historical News
• ICML 2024Contrastive Learning for Clinical Outcome Prediction with Partial Data Sources
• ICLR 2024Faithful Explanations of Black-box NLP Models Using LLM-generated Counterfactuals
• NeurIPS 2023Text Alignment Is An Efficient Unified Model for Massive NLP Tasks
• ICML 2023Prefer to Classify: Improving Text Classifiers via Auxiliary Preference Learning
• ICLR 2023KnowDA: All-in-One Knowledge Mixture Model for Data Augmentation in Low-Resource NLP
• NeurIPS 2026Can Bits Seal Language?
• ICML 2026Attention Hijacking: Backdooring Text Dataset Distillation via Semantic Anchors
• ICLR 2026AP-OOD: Attention Pooling for Out-of- Distribution Detection
• CVPR 2026X-PCR A Benchmark for Cross-modality Progressive Clinical Reasoning in Ophthalmic
• NeurIPS 2025ClinBench: A Standardized Multi-Domain Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models in Clinical Information Extraction
• ICML 2025EEG-Language Pretraining for Highly Label-Efficient Clinical Phenotyping
• ICLR 2025Not All LLM-Generated Data Are Equal: Rethinking Data Weighting in Text Classification

All Clinical NLP papers

103 papers, page 1 of 3

1. CVPR 2026Med-CMR A Fine-Grained Benchmark Integrating Visual Evidence and Clinical Logic
2. CVPR 2026X-PCR A Benchmark for Cross-modality Progressive Clinical Reasoning in Ophthalmic
3. ICLR 2026AbdCTBench: Learning Clinical Biomarker Representations from Abdominal Surface Geometry
4. ICLR 2026AP-OOD: Attention Pooling for Out-of- Distribution Detection
5. ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
6. ICLR 2026BTZSC: A Benchmark for Zero-Shot Text Classification Across Cross-Encoders, Embedding Models, and Rerankers
7. ICLR 2026Can we generate portable representations for clinical time series data using LLMs?
8. ICLR 2026CerebraGloss: Instruction-Tuning a Large Vision-Language Model for Fine-Grained Clinical EEG Interpretation
9. ICLR 2026Doctor-R1: Mastering Clinical Inquiry with Experiential Agentic Reinforcement Learning
10. ICLR 2026HUME: Measuring the Human-Model Performance Gap in Text Embedding Tasks
11. ICLR 2026LiveClin: A Live Clinical Benchmark without Leakage
12. ICLR 2026MedLesionVQA: A Multimodal Benchmark Emulating Clinical Visual Diagnosis for Body Surface Health
13. ICLR 2026MrRoPE: Mixed-radix Rotary Position Embedding
14. ICLR 2026Tokenisation over Bounded Alphabets is Hard
15. ICML 2026A Machine-Learned Comorbidity Index
16. ICML 2026Attention Hijacking: Backdooring Text Dataset Distillation via Semantic Anchors
17. ICML 2026Expert-guided Clinical Text Augmentation via Query-Based Model Collaboration
18. ICML 2026From Token to Token Pair: Efficient Prompt Compression for Large Language Models in Clinical Prediction
19. ICML 2026How Should Transformers Encode Numeric Values in Electronic Health Records?
20. ICML 2026NBCG: Nash-Bargained Causal Game for Long-Tailed Multi-Label NLP
21. ICML 2026PyHealth 2.0: A Comprehensive Open-Source Toolkit for Accessible and Reproducible Clinical Deep Learning
22. ICML 2026Separating Representation from Reconstruction Enables Scalable Text Encoders
23. ICML 2026STT-LLM: Structural-Temporal Tokenization for Adapting LLMs to Longitudinal Clinical Profiles
24. ICML 2026TwinWeaver: An LLM-Based Foundation Model Framework for Pan-Cancer Digital Twins
25. NeurIPS 2026Artificial Aphasias in Lesioned Language Models
26. NeurIPS 2026Bypassing PC1 Makes SAEs More Reproducible
27. NeurIPS 2026Can Bits Seal Language?
28. NeurIPS 2026CardioLens: Revealing the Clinical Reality Gap of MLLMs via Multi-Sequence Cardiac MRI Evaluations
29. NeurIPS 2026CLEF: EEG Foundation Models for Learning Clinical Semantics
30. NeurIPS 2026DoAtlas-1: A Causal Compilation Paradigm for Clinical AI
31. NeurIPS 2026ECG-Reasoning-Benchmark: A Benchmark for Evaluating Clinical Reasoning Capabilities in ECG Interpretation
32. NeurIPS 2026EHRNote-ChatQA: A Benchmark for Evidence-Grounded Multi-Turn Clinical Question Answering over Longitudinal Discharge Summaries
33. NeurIPS 2026M4Bench: Evaluating Procedural Specification for Clinical EHR Derivation Agents
34. NeurIPS 2026MedEvoEval: Evaluating Continual Evolution of Doctor Agents through Simulated Clinical Episodes
35. NeurIPS 2026MedExAgent: Training LLM Agents to Ask, Examine, and Diagnose in Noisy Clinical Environments
36. NeurIPS 2026MedHEB: Benchmarking Medical Embeddings Across Heterogeneous Clinical Evidence
37. NeurIPS 2026MentalHospital: A Virtual Environment for Evaluating Psychiatric Clinical Encounters
38. NeurIPS 2026Neural Signals Generate Clinical Notes in the Wild
39. NeurIPS 2026NeuroAtlas: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Clinical EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
40. NeurIPS 2026NPCBench: A Clinical Apprenticeship Benchmark for Guideline-Constrained Care-Pathway Reasoning in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
41. NeurIPS 2026REINS: Learning Inertia-Induced Geometry for Physics-Consistent Motion Representation in Clinical Gait Phenotyping
42. NeurIPS 2026Risk Horizons: Structured Hypothesis Spaces for Longitudinal Clinical Prediction
43. NeurIPS 2026Semantic-Level Invariant Representation Learning for Cross-Hospital Clinical EEG Modeling
44. NeurIPS 2026Temporal Island Sparse Autoencoders for Interpreting Clinical Time-Series Models
45. NeurIPS 2026TherapyGym: Evaluating and Aligning Clinical Fidelity and Safety in Therapy Chatbots
46. NeurIPS 2026Towards Error-Free EHRs: Reasoning-Intensive Consistency Verification Between Clinical Notes and Structured Tables in Electronic Health Records
47. NeurIPS 2026TrialAgentBench: Evaluating AI Agents for Clinical-Trial Analysis and Long-Horizon Drug-Development Decisions
48. NeurIPS 2026What Does the AI Doctor Value? Auditing Pluralism in the Clinical Ethics of Language Models
49. ICLR 2025Context Clues: Evaluating Long Context Models for Clinical Prediction Tasks on EHR Data
50. ICLR 2025Effective post-training embedding compression via temperature control in contrastive training

FAQ

How many Clinical NLP papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

103 in total: 15 in 2023, 22 in 2024, 18 in 2025, 48 in 2026.

How many Clinical NLP papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 24 Clinical NLP papers, versus 9 the year before.

How many Clinical NLP papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 12 Clinical NLP papers, versus 7 the year before.

How many Clinical NLP papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 10 Clinical NLP papers, versus 2 the year before.

How many Clinical NLP papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Clinical NLP papers.

Which conference publishes the most Clinical NLP papers?

NeurIPS, with 48 papers from 2023 to 2026.