ECCV 2022 论文列表

"Self-supervised monocular depth estimation has achieved promising performance recently. A consensus is that high-resolution inputs often yield better results. However, we find that the performance gap between high and low resolutions lies in the inappropriate feature representation of the widely used U-Net backbone. In this paper, we address the comprehensive feature representation problem for self-supervised depth estimation.i.e paying attention to both local and global feature representation. Specifically, we first provide an in-depth analysis of the influence of different input resolutions and find out that the receptive fields play a more crucial role than the information disparity between inputs. To this end, we propose a bilateral depth encoder that can fully exploit detailed and global information. It benefits from more broad receptive fields and thus achieves substantial improvements. Furthermore, we propose a residual decoder to facilitate depth regression as well as save computations by focusing on the information difference between different layers. We named our new depth estimation model Bilateral Residual Depth Network (BRNet). Experimental results show that BRNet achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI benchmark with three types of self-supervision."

"Generative models for audio-conditioned dance motion synthesis map music features to dance movements. Models are trained to associate motion patterns to audio patterns, usually without an explicit knowledge of the human body. This approach relies on a few assumptions: strong music-dance correlation, controlled motion data and relatively simple poses and movements. These characteristics are found in all existing datasets for dance motion synthesis, and indeed recent methods can achieve good results. We introduce a new dataset aiming to challenge these common assumptions, compiling a set of dynamic dance sequences displaying complex human poses. We focus on breakdancing which features acrobatic moves and tangled postures. We source our data from the Red Bull BC One competition videos. Estimating human keypoints from these videos is difficult due to the complexity of the dance, as well as the multiple moving cameras recording setup. We adopt a hybrid labelling pipeline leveraging deep estimation models as well as manual annotations to obtain good quality keypoint sequences at a reduced cost. Our efforts produced the BRACE dataset, which contains over 3 hours and 30 minutes of densely annotated poses. We test state-of-the-art methods on BRACE, showing their limitations when evaluated on complex sequences. Our dataset can readily foster advance in dance motion synthesis. With intricate poses and swift movements, models are forced to go beyond learning a mapping between modalities and reason more effectively about body structure and movements."

"Source-free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt a pre-trained source model to the unlabeled target domain without accessing the well-labeled source data, which is a much more practical setting due to the data privacy, security, and transmission issues. To make up for the absence of source data, most existing methods introduced feature prototype based pseudo-labeling strategies to realize self-training model adaptation. However, feature prototypes are obtained by instance-level predictions based feature clustering, which is category-biased and tends to result in noisy labels since the visual domain gaps between source and target are usually different between categories. In addition, we found that a monocentric feature prototype may be ineffective to represent each category and introduce negative transfer, especially for those hard-transfer data. To address these issues, we propose a general class-Balanced Multicentric Dynamic prototype (BMD) strategy for the SFDA task. Specifically, for each target category, we first introduce a global inter-class balanced sampling strategy to aggregate potential representative target samples. Then, we design an intra-class multicentric clustering strategy to achieve more robust and representative prototypes generation. In contrast to existing strategies that update the pseudo label at a fixed training period, we further introduce a dynamic pseudo labeling strategy to incorporate network update information during model adaptation. Extensive experiments show that the proposed model-agnostic BMD strategy significantly improves representative SFDA methods to yield new state-of-the-art results. The code is available at https://github.com/ispc-lab/BMD."

"Creating visual layouts is a critical step in graphic design. Automatic generation of such layouts is essential for scalable and diverse visual designs. To advance conditional layout generation, we introduce BLT, a bidirectional layout transformer. BLT differs from previous work on transformers in adopting non-autoregressive transformers. In training, BLT learns to predict the masked attributes by attending to surrounding attributes in two directions. During inference, BLT first generates a draft layout from the input and then iteratively refines it into a high-quality layout by masking out low-confident attributes. The masks generated in both training and inference are controlled by a new hierarchical sampling policy. We verify the proposed model on six benchmarks of diverse design tasks. Experimental results demonstrate two benefits compared to the state-of-the-art layout transformer models. First, our model empowers layout transformers to fulfill controllable layout generation. Second, it achieves up to 10x speedup in generating a layout at inference time than the layout transformer baseline. Code is released at https://shawnkx.github.io/blt."

"Providing omnidirectional depth along with RGB information is important for numerous applications. However, as omnidirectional RGB-D data is not always available, synthesizing RGB-D panorama data from limited information of a scene can be useful. Therefore, some prior works tried to synthesize RGB panorama images from perspective RGB images; however, they suffer from limited image quality and can not be directly extended for RGB-D panorama synthesis. In this paper, we study a new problem: RGB-D panorama synthesis under the various configurations of cameras and depth sensors. Accordingly, we propose a novel bi-modal (RGB-D) panorama synthesis (BIPS) framework. Especially, we focus on indoor environments where the RGB-D panorama can provide a complete 3D model for many applications. We design a generator that fuses the bi-modal information and train it via residual depth-aided adversarial learning (RDAL). RDAL allows to synthesize realistic indoor layout structures and interiors by jointly inferring RGB panorama, layout depth, and residual depth. In addition, as there is no tailored evaluation metric for RGB-D panorama synthesis, we propose a novel metric (FAED) to effectively evaluate its perceptual quality. Extensive experiments show that our method synthesizes high-quality indoor RGB-D panoramas and provides more realistic 3D indoor models than prior methods. Code is available at https://github.com/chang9711/BIPS."

"3D visual perception tasks, including 3D detection and map segmentation based on multi-camera images, are essential for autonomous driving systems. In this work, we present a new framework termed BEVFormer, which learns unified BEV representations with spatiotemporal transformers to support multiple autonomous driving perception tasks. In a nutshell, BEVFormer exploits both spatial and temporal information by interacting with spatial and temporal space through predefined grid-shaped BEV queries. To aggregate spatial information, we design spatial cross-attention that each BEV query extracts the spatial features from the regions of interest across camera views. For temporal information, we propose temporal self-attention to recurrently fuse the history BEV information. Our approach achieves the new state-of-the-art 56.9% in terms of NDS metric on the nuScenes test set, which is 9.0 points higher than previous best arts and on par with the performance of LiDAR-based baselines. We further show that BEVFormer remarkably improves the accuracy of velocity estimation and recall of objects under low visibility conditions. The code will be released at https://github.com/zhiqi-li/BEVFormer."

"Achieving realistic, vivid, and human-like synthesized conversational gestures conditioned on multi-modal data is still an unsolved problem due to the lack of available datasets, models and standard evaluation metrics. To address this, we build Body-Expression-Audio-Text dataset, BEAT, which has i) 76 hours, high-quality, multi-modal data captured from 30 speakers talking with eight different emotions and in four different languages, ii) 32 millions frame-level emotion and semantic relevance annotations. Our statistical analysis on BEAT demonstrates the correlation of conversational gestures with facial expressions, emotions, and semantics, in addition to the known correlation with audio, text, and speaker identity. Based on this observation, we propose a baseline model, Cascaded Motion Network (CaMN), which consists of above six modalities modeled in a cascaded architecture for gesture synthesis. To evaluate the semantic relevancy, we introduce a metric, Semantic Relevance Gesture Recall (SRGR). Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate metrics’ validness, ground truth data quality, and baseline’s state-of-the-art performance. To the best of our knowledge, BEAT is the largest motion capture dataset for investigating human gestures, which may contribute to a number of different research fields, including controllable gesture synthesis, cross-modality analysis, and emotional gesture recognition. The data, code and model are available on https://pantomatrix.github.io/BEAT/"

"Video Object Segmentation (VOS) is fundamental to video understanding. Transformer-based methods show significant performance improvement on semi-supervised VOS. However, existing work faces challenges segmenting visually similar objects in close proximity of each other. In this paper, we propose a novel Bilateral Attention Transformer in Motion-Appearance Neighboring space (BATMAN) for semi-supervised VOS. It captures object motion in the video via a novel optical flow calibration module that fuses the segmentation mask with optical flow estimation to improve within-object optical flow smoothness and reduce noise at object boundaries. This calibrated optical flow is then employed in our novel bilateral attention, which computes the correspondence between the query and reference frames in the neighboring bilateral space considering both motion and appearance. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of BATMAN architecture by outperforming all existing state-of-the-art on all four popular VOS benchmarks: Youtube-VOS 2019 (85.0%), Youtube-VOS 2018 (85.3%), DAVIS 2017Val/Test-dev (86.2%/82.2%), and DAVIS 2016 (92.5%)."

"In this paper, we propose Branch-wise Activation-clipping Search Quantization (BASQ), which is a novel quantization method for low-bit activation. BASQ optimizes clip value in continuous search space while simultaneously searching L2 decay weight factor for updating clip value in discrete search space. We also propose a novel block structure for low precision that works properly on both MobileNet and ResNet structures with branch-wise searching. We evaluate the proposed methods by quantizing both weights and activations to 4-bit or lower. Contrary to the existing methods which are effective only for redundant networks, e.g., ResNet-18, or highly optimized networks, e.g., MobileNet-v2, our proposed method offers constant competitiveness on both types of networks across low precisions from 2 to 4-bits. Specifically, our 2-bit MobileNet-v2 offers top-1 accuracy of 64.71% on ImageNet, outperforming the existing method by a large margin (2.8%), and our 4-bit MobileNet-v2 gives 71.98% which is comparable to the full-precision accuracy 71.88% while our uniform quantization method offers comparable accuracy of 2-bit ResNet-18 to the state-of-the-art non-uniform quantization method."

"In attention mechanism research, most existing methods are hard to utilize well the information of the neural network with high computing efficiency due to heavy feature compression in the attention layer. This paper proposes a simple and general approach named Bridge Attention to address this issue. As a new idea, BA-Net straightforwardly integrates features from previous layers and effectively promotes information interchange. Only simple strategies are employed for the model implementation, similar to the SENet. Moreover, after extensively investigating the effectiveness of different previous features, we discovered a simple and exciting insight that bridging all the convolution outputs inside each block with BN can obtain better attention to enhance the performance of neural networks. BA-Net is effective, stable, and easy to use. A comprehensive evaluation of computer vision tasks demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves better performance than the existing channel attention methods regarding accuracy and computing efficiency."

"The historical trajectories previously passing through a location may help infer the future trajectory of an agent currently at this location. Despite great improvements in trajectory forecasting with the guidance of high-definition maps, only a few works have explored such local historical information. In this work, we re-introduce this information as a new type of input data for trajectory forecasting systems: the local behavior data, which we conceptualize as a collection of location-specific historical trajectories. Local behavior data helps the systems emphasize the prediction locality and better understand the impact of static map objects on moving agents. We propose a novel local-behavior-aware (LBA) prediction framework that improves forecasting accuracy by fusing information from observed trajectories, HD maps, and local behavior data. Also, where such historical data is insufficient or unavailable, we employ a local-behavior-free (LBF) prediction framework, which adopts a knowledge-distillation-based architecture to infer the impact of missing data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that upgrading existing methods with these two frameworks significantly improves their performances. Especially, the LBA framework boosts the SOTA methods’ performance on the nuScenes dataset by at least 14% for the K=1 metrics."

"Today’s Mixed Reality head-mounted displays track the user’s head pose in world space as well as the user’s hands for interaction in both Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality scenarios. While this is adequate to support user input, it unfortunately limits users’ virtual representations to just their upper bodies. Current systems thus resort to floating avatars, whose limitation is particularly evident in collaborative settings. To estimate full-body poses from the sparse input sources, prior work has incorporated additional trackers and sensors at the pelvis or lower body, which increases setup complexity and limits practical application in mobile settings. In this paper, we present AvatarPoser, the first learning-based method that predicts full-body poses in world coordinates using only motion input from the user’s head and hands. Our method builds on a Transformer encoder to extract deep features from the input signals and decouples global motion from the learned local joint orientations to guide pose estimation. To obtain accurate full-body motions that resemble motion capture animations, we refine the arm joints’ positions using an optimization routine with inverse kinematics to match the original tracking input. In our evaluation, AvatarPoser achieved new state-of-the-art results in evaluations on large motion capture datasets (AMASS). At the same time, our method’s inference speed supports real-time operation, providing a practical interface to support holistic avatar control and representation for Metaverse applications."

"To address the ill-posed problem caused by partial observations in monocular human volumetric capture, we present AvatarCap, a novel framework that introduces animatable avatars into the capture pipeline for high-fidelity reconstruction in both visible and invisible regions. Our method firstly creates an animatable avatar for the subject from a small number ( 20) of 3D scans as a prior. Then given a monocular RGB video of this subject, our method integrates information from both the image observation and the avatar prior, and accordingly reconstructs high-fidelity 3D textured models with dynamic details regardless of the visibility. To learn an effective avatar for volumetric capture from only few samples, we propose GeoTexAvatar, which leverages both geometry and texture supervisions to constrain the pose-dependent dynamics in a decomposed implicit manner. An avatar-conditioned volumetric capture method that involves a canonical normal fusion and a reconstruction network is further proposed to integrate both image observations and avatar dynamics for high-fidelity reconstruction in both observed and invisible regions. Overall, our method enables monocular human volumetric capture with detailed and pose-dependent dynamics, and the experiments show that our method outperforms state of the art."

"3D bounding boxes are a widespread intermediate representation in many computer vision applications. However, predicting them is a challenging task, largely due to partial observability, which motivates the need for a strong sense of uncertainty. While many recent methods have explored better architectures for consuming sparse and unstructured point cloud data, we hypothesize that there is room for improvement in the modeling of the output distribution and explore how this can be achieved using an autoregressive prediction head. Additionally, we release a simulated dataset, COB-3D, which highlights new types of ambiguity that arise in real-world robotics applications, where 3D bounding box prediction has largely been underexplored. We propose methods for leveraging our autoregressive model to make high confidence predictions and meaningful uncertainty measures, achieving strong results on SUN-RGBD, Scannet, KITTI, and our new dataset. Code and dataset are available at https://bbox.yuxuanliu.com."

"With the capacity of modeling long-range dependencies in sequential data, transformers have shown remarkable performances in a variety of generative tasks such as image, audio, and text generation. Yet, taming them in generating less structured and voluminous data formats such as high-resolution point clouds have seldom been explored due to ambiguous sequentialization processes and infeasible computation burden. In this paper, we aim to further exploit the power of transformers and employ them for the task of 3D point cloud generation. The key idea is to decompose point clouds of one category into semantically aligned sequences of shape compositions, via a learned canonical space. These shape compositions can then be quantized and used to learn a context-rich composition codebook for point cloud generation. Experimental results on point cloud reconstruction and unconditional generation show that our model performs favorably against state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, our model can be easily extended to multi-modal shape completion as an application for conditional shape generation."

"Recently, sign language researchers have turned to sign language interpreted TV broadcasts, comprising (i) a video of continuous signing and (ii) subtitles corresponding to the audio content, as a readily available and large-scale source of training data. One key challenge in the usability of such data is the lack of sign annotations. Previous work exploiting such weakly-aligned data only found sparse correspondences between keywords in the subtitle and individual signs. In this work, we propose a simple, scalable framework to vastly increase the density of automatic annotations. Our contributions are the following: (1) we significantly improve previous annotation methods by making use of synonyms and subtitle-signing alignment; (2) we show the value of pseudo-labelling from a sign recognition model as a way of sign spotting; (3) we propose a novel approach for increasing our annotations of known and unknown classes based on in domain exemplars; (4) on the BOBSL BSL sign language corpus, we increase the number of confident automatic annotations from 670K to 5M. We make these annotations publicly available to support the sign language research community."

"Automatic Check-Out (ACO) aims to accurately predict the presence and count of each category of products in check-out images, where a major challenge is the significant domain gap between training data (single-product exemplars) and test data (check-out images). To mitigate the gap, we propose a method, termed as PSP, to perform Prototype-based classifier learning from Single-Product exemplars. In PSP, by revealing the advantages of representing category semantics, the prototype representation of each product category is firstly obtained from single-product exemplars. Based on the prototypes, it then generates categorical classifiers with a background classifier to not only recognize fine-grained product categories but also distinguish background upon product proposals derived from check-out images. To further improve ACO accuracy, we develop discriminative re-ranking to both adjust the predicted scores of product proposals for bringing more discriminative ability in classifier learning and provide a reasonable sorting possibility by considering the fine-grained nature. Moreover, a multi-label recognition loss is also equipped for modeling co-occurrence of products in check-out images. Experiments are conducted on the large-scale RPC dataset for evaluations. Our ACO result achieves 86.69%, by 6.18% improvements over state-of-the-arts, which demonstrates the superiority of PSP. Our codes are available at https://github.com/Hao-Chen-NJUST/PSP."

"Video transition effects are widely used in video editing to connect shots for creating cohesive and visually appealing videos. However, it is challenging for non-professionals to choose best transitions due to the lack of cinematographic knowledge and design skills. In this paper, we present the premier work on performing automatic video transitions recommendation (VTR): given a sequence of raw video shots and companion audio, recommend video transitions for each pair of neighboring shots. To solve this task, we collect a large-scale video transition dataset using publicly available video templates on editing softwares. Then we formulate VTR as a multi-modal retrieval problem from vision/audio to video transitions and propose a novel multi-modal matching framework which consists of two parts. First we learn the embedding of video transitions through a video transition classification task. Then we propose a model to learn the matching correspondence from vision/audio inputs to video transitions. Specifically, the proposed model employs a multi-modal transformer to fuse vision and audio information, as well as capture the context cues in sequential transition outputs. Through both quantitative and qualitative experiments, we clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Notably, in the comprehensive user study, our method receives comparable scores compared with professional editors while improving the video editing efficiency by 300x. We hope our work serves to inspire other researchers to work on this new task. The dataset and codes are public at https://github.com/acherstyx/AutoTransition."

"Data mixing augmentation have proved to be effective for improving the generalization ability of deep neural networks. While early methods mix samples by hand-crafted policies (\textit{e.g.}, linear interpolation), recent methods utilize saliency information to match the mixed samples and labels via complex offline optimization. However, there arises a trade-off between precise mixing policies and optimization complexity. To address this challenge, we propose a novel automatic mixup (AutoMix) framework, where the mixup policy is parameterized and serves the ultimate classification goal directly. Specifically, AutoMix reformulates the mixup classification into two sub-tasks (\textit{i.e.}, mixed sample generation and mixup classification) with corresponding sub-networks and solves them in a bi-level optimization framework. For the generation, a learnable lightweight mixup generator, Mix Block, is designed to generate mixed samples by modeling patch-wise relationships under the direct supervision of the corresponding mixed labels. To prevent the degradation and instability of bi-level optimization, we further introduce a momentum pipeline to train AutoMix in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments on nine image benchmarks prove the superiority of AutoMix compared with state-of-the-arts in various classification scenarios and downstream tasks."