Treatment Effect papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Treatment Effect went from 75 papers in 2023 to 106 in 2026, roughly 1.4x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Treatment Effect work: 131 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning: papers tagged with both rose from 3 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Causal and Fairness, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Causal Discovery, is up 2.4x versus 1.4x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Assessing the robustness of heterogeneous treatment effects in survival analysis under informative censoring
• ICML 2026Causal Effect Identifiability in the Presence of Latent Confounders Without Auxiliary Variables
• ICLR 2026ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantities
• CVPR 2026Event Stream Filtering via Probability Flux Estimation
• NeurIPS 2025Born a Transformer -- Always a Transformer? On the Effect of Pretraining on Architectural Abilities
• ICML 2025A Meta-learner for Heterogeneous Effects in Difference-in-Differences
• ICLR 2025Causal Effect Estimation with Mixed Latent Confounders and Post-treatment Variables
• CVPR 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects
• NeurIPS 2024Benchmarking Estimators for Natural Experiments: A Novel Dataset and a Doubly Robust Algorithm
• ICML 2024A Generative Approach for Treatment Effect Estimation under Collider Bias: From an Out-of-Distribution Perspective
• ICLR 2024A Variational Framework for Estimating Continuous Treatment Effects with Measurement Error
• CVPR 2024LightOctree: Lightweight 3D Spatially-Coherent Indoor Lighting Estimation
• NeurIPS 2023An Efficient Doubly-Robust Test for the Kernel Treatment Effect
• ICML 2023A Three-regime Model of Network Pruning
• ICLR 2023Causal Estimation for Text Data with (Apparent) Overlap Violations
• CVPR 2023HRDFuse: Monocular 360deg Depth Estimation by Collaboratively Learning Holistic-With-Regional Depth Distributions
• NeurIPS 2026Automated Causal Effect Estimation through Self-Evolving AI
• ICML 2026Causal-EPIG: Causally Aligned Active CATE Estimation
• ICLR 2026Foundation Models for Causal Inference via Prior-Data Fitted Networks
• CVPR 2026The Invisible Gorilla Effect in Out-of-distribution Detection

All Treatment Effect papers

33 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICML 2023A Three-regime Model of Network Pruning
2. ICML 2023Accounting For Informative Sampling When Learning to Forecast Treatment Outcomes Over Time
3. ICML 2023Adaptive Estimation of Graphical Models under Total Positivity
4. ICML 2023Approximate Causal Effect Identification under Weak Confounding
5. ICML 2023Causal Isotonic Calibration for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
6. ICML 2023Causal Modeling of Policy Interventions From Treatment–Outcome Sequences
7. ICML 2023Comparison of meta-learners for estimating multi-valued treatment heterogeneous effects
8. ICML 2023Compressing Tabular Data via Latent Variable Estimation
9. ICML 2023Difference-in-Differences Meets Tree-based Methods: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation with Unmeasured Confounding
10. ICML 2023Estimating Joint Treatment Effects by Combining Multiple Experiments
11. ICML 2023Estimation Beyond Data Reweighting: Kernel Method of Moments
12. ICML 2023Fast Private Kernel Density Estimation via Locality Sensitive Quantization
13. ICML 2023In Search of Insights, Not Magic Bullets: Towards Demystification of the Model Selection Dilemma in Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation
14. ICML 2023Minimax estimation of discontinuous optimal transport maps: The semi-discrete case
15. ICML 2023Mixture Proportion Estimation Beyond Irreducibility
16. ICML 2023Non-asymptotic Properties of Individualized Treatment Rules from Sequentially Rule-Adaptive Trials
17. ICML 2023Nonparametric Density Estimation under Distribution Drift
18. ICML 2023Normalizing Flows for Interventional Density Estimation
19. ICML 2023Off-Policy Evaluation for Large Action Spaces via Conjunct Effect Modeling
20. ICML 2023On Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Heterogeneous Causal Graphs
21. ICML 2023On the Estimation of Gaussian Mixture Copula Models
22. ICML 2023On the Identifiability and Estimation of Causal Location-Scale Noise Models
23. ICML 2023Pricing Experimental Design: Causal Effect, Expected Revenue and Tail Risk
24. ICML 2023Private Statistical Estimation of Many Quantiles
25. ICML 2023Selective Machine Learning of the Average Treatment Effect with an Invalid Instrumental Variable
26. ICML 2023Semi-Parametric Contextual Pricing Algorithm using Cox Proportional Hazards Model
27. ICML 2023Sequential Underspecified Instrument Selection for Cause-Effect Estimation
28. ICML 2023Stable Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
29. ICML 2023Subset-Based Instance Optimality in Private Estimation
30. ICML 2023Task-specific experimental design for treatment effect estimation
31. ICML 2023The Dormant Neuron Phenomenon in Deep Reinforcement Learning
32. ICML 2023The Implicit Regularization of Dynamical Stability in Stochastic Gradient Descent
33. ICML 2023Toward Efficient Gradient-Based Value Estimation

FAQ

How many Treatment Effect papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

385 in total: 75 in 2023, 106 in 2024, 98 in 2025, 106 in 2026.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 44 Treatment Effect papers, versus 34 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 18 Treatment Effect papers, versus 16 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 27 Treatment Effect papers, versus 31 the year before.

How many Treatment Effect papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 17 Treatment Effect papers, versus 17 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Treatment Effect papers?

NeurIPS, with 131 papers from 2023 to 2026.