LLM-as-Judge papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• LLM-as-Judge went from 8 papers in 2023 to 219 in 2026, roughly 27x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most LLM-as-Judge work: 173 papers from 2023 to 2026, 43% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 78 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Evaluation and Benchmarks, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, LLM Benchmarks, is up 154x versus 27x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A Free Lunch in LLM Compression: Revisiting Retraining after Pruning
• ICML 2026A Judge-Aware Ranking Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models without Ground Truth
• ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
• CVPR 2026Pixels Dont Lie But Your Detector Might Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{BetaConform}$: Efficient MAP Estimation of LLM Ensemble Judgment Performance with Prior Transfer
• ICML 2025Active Evaluation Acquisition for Efficient LLM Benchmarking
• ICLR 2025An Empirical Analysis of Uncertainty in Large Language Model Evaluations
• CVPR 2025ASHiTA: Automatic Scene-grounded HIerarchical Task Analysis
• NeurIPS 2024BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?
• ICML 2024CHAI: Clustered Head Attention for Efficient LLM Inference
• ICLR 2024PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization
• NeurIPS 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
• ICML 2023SAM operates far from home: eigenvalue regularization as a dynamical phenomenon
• ICLR 2023On the complexity of nonsmooth automatic differentiation
• NeurIPS 2026A Stratified Multi-Rater Evaluation of LLM-Based Virtual Standardized Patients with a Deployed Data-Generation Platform
• ICML 2026Are LLM Evaluators Really Narcissists? Sanity Checking Self-Preference Evaluations
• ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
• CVPR 20263DrawAgent Teaching LLM to Draw in 3D with Early Contrastive
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees
• ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators

All LLM-as-Judge papers

173 papers, page 1 of 4

1. NeurIPS 20263D-PLOT-LLM: Part-Level Object Tokens for 3D Large Language Models
2. NeurIPS 2026A Free Lunch in LLM Compression: Revisiting Retraining after Pruning
3. NeurIPS 2026A Stratified Multi-Rater Evaluation of LLM-Based Virtual Standardized Patients with a Deployed Data-Generation Platform
4. NeurIPS 2026Accelerating LLM Pre-Training through Flat-Direction Dynamics Enhancement
5. NeurIPS 2026ADAPT: Hybrid Prompt Optimization for LLM Feature Visualization
6. NeurIPS 2026AdvJudge-Zero: Binary Decision Flips in LLM-as-a-Judge via Adversarial Control Tokens
7. NeurIPS 2026AgentAbstain: Do LLM Agents Know When Not to Act?
8. NeurIPS 2026Alignment Is Not Enough for Safe Medical LLM Evaluation
9. NeurIPS 2026Are LLM Safety Judges Policy-Invariant? A Three-Principle Stress-Test
10. NeurIPS 2026Ask in the Crowd: Differentially Private LLM Inference via Dummy-Augmented Shuffling
11. NeurIPS 2026ASPI: Seeking Ambiguity Clarification Amplifies Prompt Injection Vulnerability in LLM Agents
12. NeurIPS 2026Auditing the Judge: Human-Grounded Bias Discovery, Quantification, and Mitigation in LLM Judges
13. NeurIPS 2026Autoregressive Diffusion World Models for Off-Policy Evaluation of LLM Agents
14. NeurIPS 2026BayesJudge: Uncertainty-Aware Bayesian Meta-Evaluation of Human and LLM Judgments
15. NeurIPS 2026Benchmarks Are Not Atomic: Composition-Aware LLM Evaluation using BenchHub
16. NeurIPS 2026Block-OBS-GS: Exact Per-Block Joint Brain Surgery with Gauss–Seidel Refinement for LLM Pruning
17. NeurIPS 2026BMAttn: Block-Aligned Mixed-Precision Attention Quantization for LLM Inference
18. NeurIPS 2026Can an LLM Reason Like a Lawyer? Benchmarking the ability of LLMs to map the facts of a case to the elements of the applicable legal rule
19. NeurIPS 2026CapTrack: Multifaceted Evaluation of Forgetting in LLM Post-Training
20. NeurIPS 2026Capturing LLM Capabilities via Evidence-Calibrated Query Clustering
21. NeurIPS 2026CogBench: Evaluating Cognitive-Level Control in LLM Question Generation
22. NeurIPS 2026CompJudge: Fine-Grained Comparative Evaluation using Multimodal LLM for Subject-Driven Generation
23. NeurIPS 2026Consolidating Rewarded Perturbations for LLM Post-Training
24. NeurIPS 2026ContractBench: Can LLM Agents Preserve Observation Contracts?
25. NeurIPS 2026CUDABeaver: Benchmarking LLM-Based Automated CUDA Debugging
26. NeurIPS 2026CyBiasBench: Benchmarking Bias in LLM Agents for Cyber-Attack Scenarios
27. NeurIPS 2026Decentralized Aggregation of LLM Predictions via Wagering Mechanisms
28. NeurIPS 2026Demystifying Numerical Errors in LLM Inference: Achieving Reproducible Inference for Mission-Critical Tasks with HEAL
29. NeurIPS 2026DICE: Decoupling Capability from Intervention Necessity in LLM Tutoring
30. NeurIPS 2026Efficient Evaluation of LLM Performance with Statistical Guarantees
31. NeurIPS 2026Every Bit, Everywhere, All At Once: A Binomial Multibit LLM Watermark
32. NeurIPS 2026Forced Deferral: Manipulating Routing Decisions in Multimodal LLM Cascades
33. NeurIPS 2026Forced Orders: What LLM Leaderboards Hide About Model Comparisons
34. NeurIPS 2026From Infrastructure to Interface, the AI Value Chain Drives LLM Homogenization
35. NeurIPS 2026From Uncertain Judgments to Calibrated Rankings: Conformal Elo Estimation for LLM Evaluation
36. NeurIPS 2026Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking
37. NeurIPS 2026HireWatch: Evaluating LLM Compliance with U.S. Employment Law Under Contextual Pressure
38. NeurIPS 2026How Does Personalized Memory Shape LLM Behavior? Benchmarking Rational Preference Utilization in Personalized Assistants
39. NeurIPS 2026Imagine3D-LLM: Teaching MLLMs to Imagine 3D Scenes Before Answering
40. NeurIPS 2026Improving LLM Final Representations with Inter-Layer Geometry
41. NeurIPS 2026Instrumental Choices: Measuring the Propensity of LLM Agents to Pursue Instrumental Behaviors
42. NeurIPS 2026Jacobian Scopes: A Unified Geometric Framework for Token-Level LLM Attributions
43. NeurIPS 2026JuICE: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLM-Judge in Identifying Cultural Errors
44. NeurIPS 2026L2-Bench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Measuring LLM Capabilities in Second Language Education
45. NeurIPS 2026Learning What to Forget: Improving LLM Unlearning via Learned Token-Level Importance
46. NeurIPS 2026LensCT: Fine-Grained AI-Involved Text Detection via Temporal-Hierarchical Tomograms of LLM Internals
47. NeurIPS 2026LLM Judge Validation Under Sparse Overlap: From Inference to Design
48. NeurIPS 2026LLM-Auction: Generative Auction towards LLM-Native Advertising
49. NeurIPS 2026MEMAUDIT: An Exact Package-Oracle Evaluation Protocol for Budgeted Long-Term LLM Memory Writing
50. NeurIPS 2026Model-Adaptive Tool Necessity Reveals the Knowing-Doing Gap in LLM Tool Use

FAQ

How many LLM-as-Judge papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

401 in total: 8 in 2023, 48 in 2024, 126 in 2025, 219 in 2026.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 88 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 53 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 62 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 37 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 64 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 33 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 5 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 3 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most LLM-as-Judge papers?

NeurIPS, with 173 papers from 2023 to 2026.