LLM-as-Judge papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• LLM-as-Judge went from 8 papers in 2023 to 219 in 2026, roughly 27x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most LLM-as-Judge work: 173 papers from 2023 to 2026, 43% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 78 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Evaluation and Benchmarks, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, LLM Benchmarks, is up 154x versus 27x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A Free Lunch in LLM Compression: Revisiting Retraining after Pruning
• ICML 2026A Judge-Aware Ranking Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models without Ground Truth
• ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
• CVPR 2026Pixels Dont Lie But Your Detector Might Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{BetaConform}$: Efficient MAP Estimation of LLM Ensemble Judgment Performance with Prior Transfer
• ICML 2025Active Evaluation Acquisition for Efficient LLM Benchmarking
• ICLR 2025An Empirical Analysis of Uncertainty in Large Language Model Evaluations
• CVPR 2025ASHiTA: Automatic Scene-grounded HIerarchical Task Analysis
• NeurIPS 2024BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?
• ICML 2024CHAI: Clustered Head Attention for Efficient LLM Inference
• ICLR 2024PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization
• NeurIPS 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
• ICML 2023SAM operates far from home: eigenvalue regularization as a dynamical phenomenon
• ICLR 2023On the complexity of nonsmooth automatic differentiation
• NeurIPS 2026A Stratified Multi-Rater Evaluation of LLM-Based Virtual Standardized Patients with a Deployed Data-Generation Platform
• ICML 2026Are LLM Evaluators Really Narcissists? Sanity Checking Self-Preference Evaluations
• ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
• CVPR 20263DrawAgent Teaching LLM to Draw in 3D with Early Contrastive
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees
• ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators

All LLM-as-Judge papers

112 papers, page 1 of 3

1. ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
2. ICLR 2026Align Once, Benefit Multilingually: Enforcing Multilingual Consistency for LLM Safety Alignment
3. ICLR 2026Align to Misalign: Automatic LLM Jailbreak with Meta-Optimized LLM Judges
4. ICLR 2026Auto-RT: Automatic Jailbreak Strategy Exploration for Red-Teaming Large Language Models
5. ICLR 2026AutoCodeBench: Large Language Models are Automatic Code Benchmark Generators
6. ICLR 2026AutoLibra: Agent Metric Induction from Open-Ended Human Feedback
7. ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
8. ICLR 2026AutoTool: Automatic Scaling of Tool-Use Capabilities in RL via Decoupled Entropy Constraints
9. ICLR 2026Benchmarking LLM Tool-Use in the Wild
10. ICLR 2026BiasScope: Towards Automated Detection of Bias in LLM-as-a-Judge Evaluation
11. ICLR 2026Counterfactual LLM-based Framework for Measuring Rhetorical Style
12. ICLR 2026DiscoX: Benchmarking Discourse-Level Translation in Expert Domains
13. ICLR 2026DiSRouter: Distributed Self-Routing for LLM Selections
14. ICLR 2026Doubly-Robust LLM-as-a-Judge: Externally Valid Estimation with Imperfect Personas
15. ICLR 2026DUET: Optimizing LLM Training Data Mixtures via Noisy Feedback from Unseen, Downstream Evaluation Tasks
16. ICLR 2026Epistemic Uncertainty Quantification To Improve Decisions From Black-Box Models
17. ICLR 2026Fewer Battles, More Gain: An Information-Efficient Framework for Arena-based LLM Evaluation
18. ICLR 2026Fewer Weights, More Problems: A Practical Attack on LLM Pruning
19. ICLR 2026Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domains
20. ICLR 2026Generative Value Conflicts Reveal LLM Priorities
21. ICLR 2026HiFo-Prompt: Prompting with Hindsight and Foresight for LLM-based Automatic Heuristic Design
22. ICLR 2026How Learning Rate Decay Wastes Your Best Data in Curriculum-Based LLM Pretraining
23. ICLR 2026Incentivizing Agentic Reasoning in LLM Judges via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learning
24. ICLR 2026Influence-Preserving Proxies for Gradient-Based Data Selection in LLM FineTuning
25. ICLR 2026J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learning
26. ICLR 2026LLM Fingerprinting via Semantically Conditioned Watermarks
27. ICLR 2026LLM-as-a-Prophet: Understanding Predictive Intelligence with Prophet Arena
28. ICLR 2026LLM-JEPA: Large Language Models Meet Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures
29. ICLR 2026LLMS ON TRIAL: Evaluating Judicial Fairness For Large Language Models
30. ICLR 2026MENLO: From Preferences to Proficiency – Evaluating and Modeling Native-like Quality Across 47 Languages
31. ICLR 2026Meta-Router: Bridging Gold-standard and Preference-based Evaluations in LLM Routing
32. ICLR 2026Multiple-Prediction-Powered Inference
33. ICLR 2026Noisy but Valid: Robust Statistical Evaluation of LLMs with Imperfect Judges
34. ICLR 2026On the Shelf Life of Finetuned LLM-Judges: Future Proofing, Backward Compatibility, and Question Generalization
35. ICLR 2026Predicting LLM Output Length via Entropy-Guided Representations
36. ICLR 2026Predicting LLM Reasoning Performance with Small Proxy Model
37. ICLR 2026Predicting Training Re-evaluation Curves Enables Effective Data Curriculums for LLMs
38. ICLR 2026Preference Leakage: A Contamination Problem in LLM-as-a-judge
39. ICLR 2026ProfBench: Multi-Domain Rubrics requiring Professional Knowledge to Answer and Judge
40. ICLR 2026ProRe: A Proactive Reward System for GUI Agents via Reasoner–Actor Collaboration
41. ICLR 2026QuoKA: Query-Oriented KV Selection for Efficient LLM Prefill
42. ICLR 2026QuRL: Rubrics As Judge For Open-Ended Question Answering
43. ICLR 2026References Improve LLM Alignment in Non-Verifiable Domains
44. ICLR 2026Reliable Fine-Grained Evaluation of Natural Language Math Proofs
45. ICLR 2026Rethinking LLM Evaluation: Can We Evaluate LLMs with 200× Less Data?
46. ICLR 2026Rethinking LLM-as-a-Judge: Representation-as-a-Judge with Small Language Models via Semantic Capacity Asymmetry
47. ICLR 2026RouterArena: An Open Platform for Comprehensive Comparison of LLM Routers
48. ICLR 2026SCI-Verifier: Scientific Verifier with Thinking
49. ICLR 2026Semantic Voting: A Self-Evaluation-Free Approach for Efficient LLM Self-Improvement on Unverifiable Open-ended Tasks
50. ICLR 2026SK2Decompile: LLM-based Two-Phase Binary Decompilation from Skeleton to Skin

FAQ

How many LLM-as-Judge papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

401 in total: 8 in 2023, 48 in 2024, 126 in 2025, 219 in 2026.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 88 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 53 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 62 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 37 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 64 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 33 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 5 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 3 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most LLM-as-Judge papers?

NeurIPS, with 173 papers from 2023 to 2026.