LLM-as-Judge papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• LLM-as-Judge went from 8 papers in 2023 to 219 in 2026, roughly 27x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most LLM-as-Judge work: 173 papers from 2023 to 2026, 43% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 78 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Evaluation and Benchmarks, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, LLM Benchmarks, is up 154x versus 27x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A Free Lunch in LLM Compression: Revisiting Retraining after Pruning
• ICML 2026A Judge-Aware Ranking Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models without Ground Truth
• ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
• CVPR 2026Pixels Dont Lie But Your Detector Might Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{BetaConform}$: Efficient MAP Estimation of LLM Ensemble Judgment Performance with Prior Transfer
• ICML 2025Active Evaluation Acquisition for Efficient LLM Benchmarking
• ICLR 2025An Empirical Analysis of Uncertainty in Large Language Model Evaluations
• CVPR 2025ASHiTA: Automatic Scene-grounded HIerarchical Task Analysis
• NeurIPS 2024BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?
• ICML 2024CHAI: Clustered Head Attention for Efficient LLM Inference
• ICLR 2024PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization
• NeurIPS 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
• ICML 2023SAM operates far from home: eigenvalue regularization as a dynamical phenomenon
• ICLR 2023On the complexity of nonsmooth automatic differentiation
• NeurIPS 2026A Stratified Multi-Rater Evaluation of LLM-Based Virtual Standardized Patients with a Deployed Data-Generation Platform
• ICML 2026Are LLM Evaluators Really Narcissists? Sanity Checking Self-Preference Evaluations
• ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
• CVPR 20263DrawAgent Teaching LLM to Draw in 3D with Early Contrastive
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees
• ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators

All LLM-as-Judge papers

173 papers, page 3 of 4

101. NeurIPS 2025Cost-aware LLM-based Online Dataset Annotation
102. NeurIPS 2025Distributional LLM-as-a-Judge
103. NeurIPS 2025Do Automatic Factuality Metrics Measure Factuality? A Critical Evaluation
104. NeurIPS 2025Do Language Models Use Their Depth Efficiently?
105. NeurIPS 2025Enhancing Multilingual LLM Pretraining with Model-Based Data Selection
106. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating LLM-contaminated Crowdsourcing Data Without Ground Truth
107. NeurIPS 2025Flex-Judge: Text-Only Reasoning Unleashes Zero-Shot Multimodal Evaluators
108. NeurIPS 2025From Replication to Redesign: Exploring Pairwise Comparisons for LLM-Based Peer Review
109. NeurIPS 2025GPAS: Accelerating Convergence of LLM Pretraining via Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling
110. NeurIPS 2025HyGen: Efficient LLM Serving via Elastic Online-Offline Request Co-location
111. NeurIPS 2025KORGym: A Dynamic Game Platform for LLM Reasoning Evaluation
112. NeurIPS 2025Less is More: Improving LLM Alignment via Preference Data Selection
113. NeurIPS 2025Let the LLM Stick to Its Strengths: Learning to Route Economical LLM
114. NeurIPS 2025LiveCodeBench Pro: How Do Olympiad Medalists Judge LLMs in Competitive Programming?
115. NeurIPS 2025Lua-LLM: Learning Unstructured-Sparsity Allocation for Large Language Models
116. NeurIPS 2025Martingale Score: An Unsupervised Metric for Bayesian Rationality in LLM Reasoning
117. NeurIPS 2025Masked Gated Linear Unit
118. NeurIPS 2025MemSim: A Bayesian Simulator for Evaluating Memory of LLM-based Personal Assistants
119. NeurIPS 2025metaTextGrad: Automatically optimizing language model optimizers
120. NeurIPS 2025MODEL SHAPLEY: Find Your Ideal Parameter Player via One Gradient Backpropagation
121. NeurIPS 2025MOOSE-Chem2: Exploring LLM Limits in Fine-Grained Scientific Hypothesis Discovery via Hierarchical Search
122. NeurIPS 2025Multi-Agent Debate for LLM Judges with Adaptive Stability Detection
123. NeurIPS 2025On Evaluating LLM Alignment by Evaluating LLMs as Judges
124. NeurIPS 2025PARALLELPROMPT: Extracting Parallelism from Large Language Model Queries
125. NeurIPS 2025Permissioned LLMs: Enforcing Access Control in Large Language Models
126. NeurIPS 2025Position: Benchmarking is Broken - Don't Let AI be Its Own Judge
127. NeurIPS 2025Predicting Empirical AI Research Outcomes with Language Models
128. NeurIPS 2025QuadEnhancer: Leveraging Quadratic Transformations to Enhance Deep Neural Networks
129. NeurIPS 2025Reparameterized LLM Training via Orthogonal Equivalence Transformation
130. NeurIPS 2025Reverse Engineering Human Preferences with Reinforcement Learning
131. NeurIPS 2025SEC-bench: Automated Benchmarking of LLM Agents on Real-World Software Security Tasks
132. NeurIPS 2025Set-LLM: A Permutation-Invariant LLM
133. NeurIPS 2025SuperGPQA: Scaling LLM Evaluation across 285 Graduate Disciplines
134. NeurIPS 2025The Fragile Truth of Saliency: Improving LLM Input Attribution via Attention Bias Optimization
135. NeurIPS 2025The Leaderboard Illusion
136. NeurIPS 2025The Lighthouse of Language: Enhancing LLM Agents via Critique-Guided Improvement
137. NeurIPS 2025Towards Fully FP8 GEMM LLM Training at Scale
138. NeurIPS 2025Towards Reliable LLM-based Robots Planning via Combined Uncertainty Estimation
139. NeurIPS 2025URLs Help, Topics Guide: Understanding Metadata Utility in LLM Training
140. NeurIPS 2025Validating LLM-as-a-Judge Systems under Rating Indeterminacy
141. NeurIPS 2025Your Pre-trained LLM is Secretly an Unsupervised Confidence Calibrator
142. NeurIPS 2024Accuracy is Not All You Need
143. NeurIPS 2024AgentBoard: An Analytical Evaluation Board of Multi-turn LLM Agents
144. NeurIPS 2024Apathetic or Empathetic? Evaluating LLMs' Emotional Alignments with Humans
145. NeurIPS 2024Automatic Outlier Rectification via Optimal Transport
146. NeurIPS 2024AvaTaR: Optimizing LLM Agents for Tool Usage via Contrastive Reasoning
147. NeurIPS 2024Benchmarking Complex Instruction-Following with Multiple Constraints Composition
148. NeurIPS 2024BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?
149. NeurIPS 2024CLAVE: An Adaptive Framework for Evaluating Values of LLM Generated Responses
150. NeurIPS 2024CriticEval: Evaluating Large-scale Language Model as Critic

FAQ

How many LLM-as-Judge papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

401 in total: 8 in 2023, 48 in 2024, 126 in 2025, 219 in 2026.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 88 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 53 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 62 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 37 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 64 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 33 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 5 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 3 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most LLM-as-Judge papers?

NeurIPS, with 173 papers from 2023 to 2026.