General ML · evaluation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• General ML · evaluation went from 53 papers in 2023 to 230 in 2026, roughly 4.3x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most General ML · evaluation work: 270 papers from 2023 to 2026, 45% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 0 in 2023 to 47 in 2026.
• Among the 6 topics under General Machine Learning, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, General ML · reinforcement learning, is up 2.0x versus 4.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026AI Construct Lexis: An Ontology of the Hidden Assumptions in AI Evaluation
• ICML 2026A Computational Framework for Evaluating Human-likeness in LLMs' Open-ended Human Behaviors
• ICLR 2026Unlearning Evaluation through Subset Statistical Independence
• CVPR 2026Bridging the Perception Gap in Image Super-Resolution Evaluation
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Distraction: Probing LLM Contextual Robustness with Automated Tree Search
• ICML 2025AKRMap: Adaptive Kernel Regression for Trustworthy Visualization of Cross-Modal Embeddings
• ICLR 2025On Speeding Up Language Model Evaluation
• CVPR 2025ODE: Open-Set Evaluation of Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024Accuracy is Not All You Need
• ICML 2024A Fine-grained Analysis of Fitted Q-evaluation: Beyond Parametric Models
• ICLR 2024BatchPrompt: Accomplish more with less
• CVPR 2024Animating General Image with Large Visual Motion Model
• NeurIPS 2023AQuA: A Benchmarking Tool for Label Quality Assessment
• ICML 2023Regions of Reliability in the Evaluation of Multivariate Probabilistic Forecasts
• ICLR 2023Beyond calibration: estimating the grouping loss of modern neural networks
• CVPR 2023GeneCIS: A Benchmark for General Conditional Image Similarity
• NeurIPS 2026AMUSE: Anytime Muon with Stable Gradient Evaluation
• ICML 2026A Two-Tier Perspective on Inference-Time Parallelism in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
• ICLR 2026Choices Speak Louder than Questions
• CVPR 2026Towards Reliable Evaluation of Adversarial Robustness for Spiking Neural Networks

All General ML · evaluation papers

606 papers, page 8 of 13

351. NeurIPS 2025Entropy-Calibrated Label Distribution Learning
352. NeurIPS 2025Establishing Best Practices in Building Rigorous Agentic Benchmarks
353. NeurIPS 2025EvaLearn: Quantifying the Learning Capability and Efficiency of LLMs via Sequential Problem Solving
354. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating Generalization Capabilities of LLM-Based Agents in Mixed-Motive Scenarios Using Concordia
355. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating multiple models using labeled and unlabeled data
356. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating the Inductive Abilities of Large Language Models: Why Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Sometimes Hurts More Than Helps
357. NeurIPS 2025EvoLM: In Search of Lost Language Model Training Dynamics
358. NeurIPS 2025Evolutionary Multi-View Classification via Eliminating Individual Fitness Bias
359. NeurIPS 2025Fantastic Bugs and Where to Find Them in AI Benchmarks
360. NeurIPS 2025FEEL: Quantifying Heterogeneity in Physiological Signals for Generalizable Emotion Recognition
361. NeurIPS 2025Finite-Sample Analysis of Policy Evaluation for Robust Average Reward Reinforcement Learning
362. NeurIPS 2025Fit the Distribution: Cross-Image/Prompt Adversarial Attacks on Multimodal Large Language Models
363. NeurIPS 2025Fixing It in Post: A Comparative Study of LLM Post-Training Data Quality and Model Performance
364. NeurIPS 2025Flatness is Necessary, Neural Collapse is Not: Rethinking Generalization via Grokking
365. NeurIPS 2025Fully Dynamic Algorithms for Chamfer Distance
366. NeurIPS 2025Grids Often Outperform Implicit Neural Representation at Compressing Dense Signals
367. NeurIPS 2025HARDMath2: A Benchmark for Applied Mathematics Built by Students as Part of a Graduate Class
368. NeurIPS 2025Hi3DEval: Advancing 3D Generation Evaluation with Hierarchical Validity
369. NeurIPS 2025How Benchmark Prediction from Fewer Data Misses the Mark
370. NeurIPS 2025How many measurements are enough? Bayesian recovery in inverse problems with general distributions
371. NeurIPS 2025ImageNet-trained CNNs are not biased towards texture: Revisiting feature reliance through controlled suppression
372. NeurIPS 2025KORGym: A Dynamic Game Platform for LLM Reasoning Evaluation
373. NeurIPS 2025KScope: A Framework for Characterizing the Knowledge Status of Language Models
374. NeurIPS 2025Latency NMS Attacks: Is It Real Life or Is It Just Fantasy?
375. NeurIPS 2025MARS-VFL: A Unified Benchmark for Vertical Federated Learning with Realistic Evaluation
376. NeurIPS 2025Martingale Score: An Unsupervised Metric for Bayesian Rationality in LLM Reasoning
377. NeurIPS 2025Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Tasks
378. NeurIPS 2025Measuring what Matters: Construct Validity in Large Language Model Benchmarks
379. NeurIPS 2025MemSim: A Bayesian Simulator for Evaluating Memory of LLM-based Personal Assistants
380. NeurIPS 2025MIRAGE: Assessing Hallucination in Multimodal Reasoning Chains of MLLM
381. NeurIPS 2025MJ-Video: Benchmarking and Rewarding Video Generation with Fine-Grained Video Preference
382. NeurIPS 2025MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models
383. NeurIPS 2025ModuLM: Enabling Modular and Multimodal Molecular Relational Learning with Large Language Models
384. NeurIPS 2025More of the Same: Persistent Representational Harms Under Increased Representation
385. NeurIPS 2025Multi-SWE-bench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Issue Resolving
386. NeurIPS 2025MUVR: A Multi-Modal Untrimmed Video Retrieval Benchmark with Multi-Level Visual Correspondence
387. NeurIPS 2025Neural Fractional Attention Differential Equations
388. NeurIPS 2025Non-rectangular Robust MDPs with Normed Uncertainty Sets
389. NeurIPS 2025nvBench 2.0: Resolving Ambiguity in Text-to-Visualization through Stepwise Reasoning
390. NeurIPS 2025On the Empirical Power of Goodness-of-Fit Tests in Watermark Detection
391. NeurIPS 2025On the Hardness of Conditional Independence Testing In Practice
392. NeurIPS 2025ORBIT - Open Recommendation Benchmark for Reproducible Research with Hidden Tests
393. NeurIPS 2025ORIGAMISPACE: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs in Multi-Step Spatial Reasoning with Mathematical Constraints
394. NeurIPS 2025PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies?
395. NeurIPS 2025Pessimistic Data Integration for Policy Evaluation
396. NeurIPS 2025QUT-DV25: A Dataset for Dynamic Analysis of Next-Gen Software Supply Chain Attacks
397. NeurIPS 2025RealMath: A Continuous Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models on Research-Level Mathematics
398. NeurIPS 2025Rethinking Verification for LLM Code Generation: From Generation to Testing
399. NeurIPS 2025Robust Regression of General ReLUs with Queries
400. NeurIPS 2025RvLLM: LLM Runtime Verification with Domain Knowledge

FAQ

How many General ML · evaluation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

606 in total: 53 in 2023, 115 in 2024, 208 in 2025, 230 in 2026.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 57 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 124 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 19 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 19 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 148 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 58 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 6 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 7 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most General ML · evaluation papers?

NeurIPS, with 270 papers from 2023 to 2026.