Formal Verification ML papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Formal Verification ML went from 10 papers in 2023 to 37 in 2026, roughly 3.7x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Formal Verification ML work: 32 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 0 in 2023 to 6 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Program Synthesis, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Theorem Proving, is up 13x versus 3.7x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Certified but Private: Scalable Zero-Knowledge Proofs for the Formal Verification of Neural Networks
• ICML 2026Propose, Solve, Verify: Self-Play Through Formal Verification
• ICLR 2026Local Success Does Not Compose: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Compositional Formal Verification
• CVPR 2026Lipschitz Optimization for Formal Verification of Homographies
• NeurIPS 2025Formal Models of Active Learning from Contrastive Examples
• ICML 2025Position: Formal Mathematical Reasoning—A New Frontier in AI
• ICLR 2025Sensitivity Verification for Additive Decision Tree Ensembles
• CVPR 2025Neuro-Symbolic Evaluation of Text-to-Video Models using Formal Verification
• NeurIPS 2024Critically Assessing the State of the Art in Neural Network Verification
• ICML 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinement
• ICLR 2024CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing
• CVPR 2024Towards General Robustness Verification of MaxPool-based Convolutional Neural Networks via Tightening Linear Approximation
• NeurIPS 2023Provably Bounding Neural Network Preimages
• ICML 2023Trapdoor Normalization with Irreversible Ownership Verification
• ICLR 2023Fundamental Limits in Formal Verification of Message-Passing Neural Networks
• CVPR 2023Efficient Verification of Neural Networks Against LVM-Based Specifications
• NeurIPS 2026End-to-End Verification of Neuro-symbolic Automata via Contrastive Logit-Gaps
• ICML 2026Pushing the Boundaries of Natural Reasoning: Interleaved Bonus from Formal-Logic Verification
• ICLR 2026Out of the Shadows: Exploring a Latent Space for Neural Network Verification
• CVPR 2026Goldilocks Test Sets for Face Verification

All Formal Verification ML papers

21 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICML 2026APE-Bench: Evaluating Automated Proof Engineering for Formal Math Libraries
2. ICML 2026Causally Evaluating the Learnability of Formal Language Tasks
3. ICML 2026CGRiC: Compositional Risk Certification for Structured LLM Outputs
4. ICML 2026Continuous Diffusion Models Can Obey Formal Syntax
5. ICML 2026Euclean: Automated Geometry Problem Formalization with Unified Verification in Lean
6. ICML 2026Formally Exploring Visual Anomaly Detection Evaluation Metrics
7. ICML 2026miniF2F-Dafny: LLM-Guided Mathematical Theorem Proving via Auto-Active Verification
8. ICML 2026Not All Invariants Are Equal: Curating Training Data to Accelerate Program Verification with SLMs
9. ICML 2026Probabilistic Robustness Certificates against Adversarial Attacks
10. ICML 2026Propose, Solve, Verify: Self-Play Through Formal Verification
11. ICML 2026Pushing the Boundaries of Natural Reasoning: Interleaved Bonus from Formal-Logic Verification
12. ICML 2026VIA-SD: Verification via Intra-Model Routing for Speculative Decoding
13. ICML 2025PatchPilot: A Cost-Efficient Software Engineering Agent with Early Attempts on Formal Verification
14. ICML 2025Position: Formal Mathematical Reasoning—A New Frontier in AI
15. ICML 2025Verification Learning: Make Unsupervised Neuro-Symbolic System Feasible
16. ICML 2024ED-Copilot: Reduce Emergency Department Wait Time with Language Model Diagnostic Assistance
17. ICML 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinement
18. ICML 2024Verification of Machine Unlearning is Fragile
19. ICML 2024VNN: Verification-Friendly Neural Networks with Hard Robustness Guarantees
20. ICML 2023Data-Copying in Generative Models: A Formal Framework
21. ICML 2023Trapdoor Normalization with Irreversible Ownership Verification

FAQ

How many Formal Verification ML papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

84 in total: 10 in 2023, 18 in 2024, 19 in 2025, 37 in 2026.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 12 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 10 the year before.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 11 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 12 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 3 the year before.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 1 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Formal Verification ML papers?

NeurIPS, with 32 papers from 2023 to 2026.