Formal Verification ML papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Formal Verification ML went from 10 papers in 2023 to 37 in 2026, roughly 3.7x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Formal Verification ML work: 32 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 0 in 2023 to 6 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Program Synthesis, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Theorem Proving, is up 13x versus 3.7x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Certified but Private: Scalable Zero-Knowledge Proofs for the Formal Verification of Neural Networks
• ICML 2026Propose, Solve, Verify: Self-Play Through Formal Verification
• ICLR 2026Local Success Does Not Compose: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Compositional Formal Verification
• CVPR 2026Lipschitz Optimization for Formal Verification of Homographies
• NeurIPS 2025Formal Models of Active Learning from Contrastive Examples
• ICML 2025Position: Formal Mathematical Reasoning—A New Frontier in AI
• ICLR 2025Sensitivity Verification for Additive Decision Tree Ensembles
• CVPR 2025Neuro-Symbolic Evaluation of Text-to-Video Models using Formal Verification
• NeurIPS 2024Critically Assessing the State of the Art in Neural Network Verification
• ICML 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinement
• ICLR 2024CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing
• CVPR 2024Towards General Robustness Verification of MaxPool-based Convolutional Neural Networks via Tightening Linear Approximation
• NeurIPS 2023Provably Bounding Neural Network Preimages
• ICML 2023Trapdoor Normalization with Irreversible Ownership Verification
• ICLR 2023Fundamental Limits in Formal Verification of Message-Passing Neural Networks
• CVPR 2023Efficient Verification of Neural Networks Against LVM-Based Specifications
• NeurIPS 2026End-to-End Verification of Neuro-symbolic Automata via Contrastive Logit-Gaps
• ICML 2026Pushing the Boundaries of Natural Reasoning: Interleaved Bonus from Formal-Logic Verification
• ICLR 2026Out of the Shadows: Exploring a Latent Space for Neural Network Verification
• CVPR 2026Goldilocks Test Sets for Face Verification

All Formal Verification ML papers

26 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICLR 2026Certifying the Full YOLO Pipeline: A Probabilistic Verification Approach
2. ICLR 2026Local Success Does Not Compose: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Compositional Formal Verification
3. ICLR 2026Out of the Shadows: Exploring a Latent Space for Neural Network Verification
4. ICLR 2026Overcoming Joint Intractability with Lossless Hierarchical Speculative Decoding
5. ICLR 2026Provably Explaining Neural Additive Models
6. ICLR 2026Softmax Transformers are Turing-Complete
7. ICLR 2026SpotIt: Evaluating Text-to-SQL Evaluation with Formal Verification
8. ICLR 2026The Counting Power of Transformers
9. ICLR 2026VeriCoT: Neuro-symbolic Chain-of-Thought Validation via Logical Consistency Checks
10. ICLR 2026VERIFY: A Novel Multi-Domain Dataset Grounding LTL in Contextual Natural Language via Provable Intermediate Logic
11. ICLR 2026VoG: Enhancing LLM Reasoning through Stepwise Verification on Knowledge Graphs
12. ICLR 2025A Percolation Model of Emergence: Analyzing Transformers Trained on a Formal Language
13. ICLR 2025Block Verification Accelerates Speculative Decoding
14. ICLR 2025Sensitivity Verification for Additive Decision Tree Ensembles
15. ICLR 2025Training Neural Networks as Recognizers of Formal Languages
16. ICLR 2025Unlocking State-Tracking in Linear RNNs Through Negative Eigenvalues
17. ICLR 2024CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing
18. ICLR 2024Incremental Randomized Smoothing Certification
19. ICLR 2024Interpreting Robustness Proofs of Deep Neural Networks
20. ICLR 2024Lemur: Integrating Large Language Models in Automated Program Verification
21. ICLR 2024Prediction without Preclusion: Recourse Verification with Reachable Sets
22. ICLR 2023Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learning
23. ICLR 2023Fundamental Limits in Formal Verification of Message-Passing Neural Networks
24. ICLR 2023Iterative Circuit Repair Against Formal Specifications
25. ICLR 2023Sound Randomized Smoothing in Floating-Point Arithmetic
26. ICLR 2023Wasserstein Auto-encoded MDPs: Formal Verification of Efficiently Distilled RL Policies with Many-sided Guarantees

FAQ

How many Formal Verification ML papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

84 in total: 10 in 2023, 18 in 2024, 19 in 2025, 37 in 2026.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 12 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 10 the year before.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 11 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 12 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 3 the year before.

How many Formal Verification ML papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Formal Verification ML papers, versus 1 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Formal Verification ML papers?

NeurIPS, with 32 papers from 2023 to 2026.