Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

2,334 papers, page 14 of 47

651. ICML 2026Numina-Lean-Agent: An Open and General Agentic Reasoning System for Formal Mathematics
652. ICML 2026OBCache: Optimal Brain KV Cache Pruning for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference
653. ICML 2026OCNR: Stabilizing Self-Play by Mitigating Iteration-Collapse With One-Class Novelty Rewards
654. ICML 2026Olmix: A Framework for Data Mixing Throughout LM Development
655. ICML 2026Omni-Diffusion: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Masked Discrete Diffusion
656. ICML 2026OmniFit: Bridging Modalities via Layer-Adaptive Token Compression for Omnimodal Large Language Models
657. ICML 2026OmniSIFT: Modality-Asymmetric Token Compression for Efficient Omni-modal Large Language Models
658. ICML 2026On Group Relative Policy Optimization Collapse in Agent Search: The Lazy Likelihood-Displacement
659. ICML 2026On Information Self-Locking in Reinforcement Learning for Active Reasoning of LLM agents
660. ICML 2026On the Entropy Dynamics in Reinforcement Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models
661. ICML 2026On the Generalization Gap in Self-Evolving Language Model Reasoning
662. ICML 2026On the Interplay of Pre-Training, Mid-Training, and RL on Reasoning Language Models
663. ICML 2026On the Limits of LLM Adaptability: Impact of Model-Internalized Priors on Annotation Task Performance
664. ICML 2026On the Limits of Test-Time Compute: Sequential Reward Filtering for Better Inference
665. ICML 2026On the Plasticity and Stability for Post-Training Large Language Models
666. ICML 2026On Training Large Language Models for Long-Horizon Tasks: An Empirical Study of Horizon Length
667. ICML 2026One LR Doesn’t Fit All: Heavy-Tail Guided Layerwise Learning Rates for LLMs
668. ICML 2026One Tool Is Enough: Reinforcement Learning of LLM Agents for Repository-Level Code Navigation
669. ICML 2026One-shot Entropy Minimization for Language Model Reasoning
670. ICML 2026One-Step Residual Shifting Diffusion for Image Super-Resolution via Distillation
671. ICML 2026One-Way Policy Optimization for Self-Evolving LLMs
672. ICML 2026OnePO: Direct One-stage Policy Optimization for SFT-free Domain Adaptation
673. ICML 2026Op-CAD: Benchmarking and Investigating Operation-oriented CAD Generation
674. ICML 2026Optimal Transport for LLM Reward Modeling from Noisy Feedback
675. ICML 2026OptProver: Bridging Olympiad and Optimization through Continual Training in Formal Theorem Proving
676. ICML 2026OPUS: Towards Efficient and Principled Data Selection in Large Language Model Pre-training in Every Iteration
677. ICML 2026Orthogonal Hierarchical Decomposition for Structure-Aware Table Understanding with Large Language Models
678. ICML 2026OSAQ: Outlier Self-Absorption for Accurate Low-bit LLM Quantization
679. ICML 2026OTora: A Unified Red Teaming Framework for Reasoning-Level Denial-of-Service in LLM Agents
680. ICML 2026Out-of-Distribution Evaluation of Rule-Based and Strategic Reasoning in Chess Transformers
681. ICML 2026Outrunning LLM Cutoffs: A Live Kernel Crash Resolution Benchmark for All
682. ICML 2026Overthinking: Amplifying Reasoning Weights to Extract Learned Secrets
683. ICML 2026PADA-Coder: Improving Plan-Following Code Generation via Perturbation-Verified Attention Distillation and Dynamic Alignment
684. ICML 2026Parallel-Probe: Towards Efficient Parallel Thinking via 2D Probing
685. ICML 2026ParamMem: Augmenting Language Agents with Parametric Reflective Memory
686. ICML 2026ParaTool: Shifting Tool Representations from Context to Parameters
687. ICML 2026ParEVO: Synthesizing Code for Irregular Data: High-Performance Parallelism through Agentic Evolution
688. ICML 2026PASA: A Principled Embedding-Space Watermarking Approach for LLM-Generated Text under Semantic-Invariant Attacks
689. ICML 2026PatternKV: Flattening KV Representation Expands Quantization Headroom
690. ICML 2026Perceptual Flow Network for Visually Grounded Reasoning
691. ICML 2026Persistent Semantic Entities in Tool-Augmented LLM Systems
692. ICML 2026Persona-Pruner: Sculpting Lightweight Models for Role-Playing
693. ICML 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User History
694. ICML 2026PETS: A Principled Framework Towards Optimal Trajectory Allocation for Efficient Test-Time Self-Consistency
695. ICML 2026PGS: Effective LLM Code Refinement via Property-Oriented and Structurally Minimal Feedback
696. ICML 2026PISA: Privacy-Preserving Split Adaptation with Model IP Protection
697. ICML 2026Plan for Speed: Dilated Scheduling for Masked Diffusion Language Models
698. ICML 2026PLANTAIN: Plan-Answer Interleaved Reasoning
699. ICML 2026PlotCraft: Pushing the Limits of LLMs for Complex and Interactive Data Visualization
700. ICML 2026Plug-and-Play Spiking Operators: Breaking the Nonlinearity Bottleneck in Spiking Transformers

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.