AI Agents papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• AI Agents went from 170 papers in 2023 to 1,983 in 2026, roughly 12x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most AI Agents work: 1,317 papers from 2023 to 2026, 40% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with LLM Benchmarks: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 116 in 2026.
• Among the 4 topics under Trending Systems, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, World Models, is up 11x versus 12x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026$\boldsymbol{f}$-OPD: Stabilizing Long-Horizon On-Policy Distillation with Freshness-Aware Control
• ICML 2026$\tau$-Knowledge: Evaluating Conversational Agents over Unstructured Knowledge
• ICLR 2026A Benchmark for Deep Information Synthesis
• CVPR 20263D-VCD Hallucination Mitigation in 3D-LLM Embodied Agents through Visual Contrastive
• NeurIPS 20254KAgent: Agentic Any Image to 4K Super-Resolution
• ICML 2025A Unified Approach to Routing and Cascading for LLMs
• ICLR 2025A Generalist Hanabi Agent
• CVPR 2025Collaborative Tree Search for Enhancing Embodied Multi-Agent Collaboration
• NeurIPS 2024AdaSociety: An Adaptive Environment with Social Structures for Multi-Agent Decision-Making
• ICML 2024A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long Contexts
• ICLR 2024A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
• CVPR 2024Density-Adaptive Model Based on Motif Matrix for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction
• NeurIPS 2023AdaPlanner: Adaptive Planning from Feedback with Language Models
• ICML 2023A Game-Theoretic Framework for Managing Risk in Multi-Agent Systems
• ICLR 2023Achieving Near-Optimal Individual Regret & Low Communications in Multi-Agent Bandits
• CVPR 2023Behavioral Analysis of Vision-and-Language Navigation Agents
• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026$\tau$-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domains
• ICLR 2026A Framework for Studying AI Agent Behavior: Evidence from Consumer Choice Experiments
• CVPR 2026A Multi-Agent Perception-Action Alliance for Efficient Long Video Reasoning

All AI Agents papers

329 papers, page 2 of 7

51. ICLR 2024Learning to Jointly Understand Visual and Tactile Signals
52. ICLR 2024Lemur: Harmonizing Natural Language and Code for Language Agents
53. ICLR 2024Let Models Speak Ciphers: Multiagent Debate through Embeddings
54. ICLR 2024LOQA: Learning with Opponent Q-Learning Awareness
55. ICLR 2024LoTa-Bench: Benchmarking Language-oriented Task Planners for Embodied Agents
56. ICLR 2024Maximum Entropy Heterogeneous-Agent Reinforcement Learning
57. ICLR 2024MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework
58. ICLR 2024MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Use
59. ICLR 2024Modeling Boundedly Rational Agents with Latent Inference Budgets
60. ICLR 2024Neural Neighborhood Search for Multi-agent Path Finding
61. ICLR 2024On the Hardness of Constrained Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
62. ICLR 2024Online Continual Learning for Interactive Instruction Following Agents
63. ICLR 2024PB-LLM: Partially Binarized Large Language Models
64. ICLR 2024Provable Memory Efficient Self-Play Algorithm for Model-free Reinforcement Learning
65. ICLR 2024Rethinking Adversarial Policies: A Generalized Attack Formulation and Provable Defense in RL
66. ICLR 2024Retroformer: Retrospective Large Language Agents with Policy Gradient Optimization
67. ICLR 2024REValueD: Regularised Ensemble Value-Decomposition for Factorisable Markov Decision Processes
68. ICLR 2024Reward Design for Justifiable Sequential Decision-Making
69. ICLR 2024Sample-Efficient Multi-Agent RL: An Optimization Perspective
70. ICLR 2024Select to Perfect: Imitating desired behavior from large multi-agent data
71. ICLR 2024SKILL-MIX: a Flexible and Expandable Family of Evaluations for AI Models
72. ICLR 2024SmartPlay : A Benchmark for LLMs as Intelligent Agents
73. ICLR 2024SocioDojo: Building Lifelong Analytical Agents with Real-world Text and Time Series
74. ICLR 2024Solving Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Cooperative Tasks with Greedy Sequential Execution
75. ICLR 2024SOTOPIA: Interactive Evaluation for Social Intelligence in Language Agents
76. ICLR 2024Steve-Eye: Equipping LLM-based Embodied Agents with Visual Perception in Open Worlds
77. ICLR 2024Synapse: Trajectory-as-Exemplar Prompting with Memory for Computer Control
78. ICLR 2024The LLM Surgeon
79. ICLR 2024Think-on-Graph: Deep and Responsible Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graph
80. ICLR 2024THOUGHT PROPAGATION: AN ANALOGICAL APPROACH TO COMPLEX REASONING WITH LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS
81. ICLR 2024ToolChain*: Efficient Action Space Navigation in Large Language Models with A* Search
82. ICLR 2024ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs
83. ICLR 2024ToRA: A Tool-Integrated Reasoning Agent for Mathematical Problem Solving
84. ICLR 2024Towards Robust Multi-Modal Reasoning via Model Selection
85. ICLR 2024Trajeglish: Traffic Modeling as Next-Token Prediction
86. ICLR 2024Tree-Planner: Efficient Close-loop Task Planning with Large Language Models
87. ICLR 2024Tuning LayerNorm in Attention: Towards Efficient Multi-Modal LLM Finetuning
88. ICLR 2024Two-stage LLM Fine-tuning with Less Specialization and More Generalization
89. ICLR 2024Variance Reduced Halpern Iteration for Finite-Sum Monotone Inclusions
90. ICLR 2024WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents
91. ICLR 2024Whittle Index with Multiple Actions and State Constraint for Inventory Management
92. ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
93. ICML 2024A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long Contexts
94. ICML 2024Advancing DRL Agents in Commercial Fighting Games: Training, Integration, and Agent-Human Alignment
95. ICML 2024Agent Smith: A Single Image Can Jailbreak One Million Multimodal LLM Agents Exponentially Fast
96. ICML 2024Agent-Specific Effects: A Causal Effect Propagation Analysis in Multi-Agent MDPs
97. ICML 2024AnyTool: Self-Reflective, Hierarchical Agents for Large-Scale API Calls
98. ICML 2024ArCHer: Training Language Model Agents via Hierarchical Multi-Turn RL
99. ICML 2024Asymptotics of feature learning in two-layer networks after one gradient-step
100. ICML 2024BAGEL: Bootstrapping Agents by Guiding Exploration with Language

FAQ

How many AI Agents papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

3,266 in total: 170 in 2023, 329 in 2024, 784 in 2025, 1,983 in 2026.

How many AI Agents papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 729 AI Agents papers, versus 362 the year before.

How many AI Agents papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 500 AI Agents papers, versus 204 the year before.

How many AI Agents papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 640 AI Agents papers, versus 178 the year before.

How many AI Agents papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 114 AI Agents papers, versus 40 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most AI Agents papers?

NeurIPS, with 1,317 papers from 2023 to 2026.