Theorem Proving papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Theorem Proving went from 3 papers in 2023 to 38 in 2026, roughly 13x in three years.
• ICLR publishes the most Theorem Proving work: 32 papers from 2023 to 2026, 40% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Mathematical Reasoning: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 16 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Program Synthesis, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Formal Verification ML, is up 3.7x versus 13x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A Theoretical Framework for Self-Play Theorem Proving Algorithms
• ICML 2026Automated Formal Proofs of Combinatorial Identities via Wilf–Zeilberger Guidance and LLMs
• ICLR 2026LoC-Decomp: LLM Autoformalization via Logical Concept Decomposition and Iterative Feedback Correction
• NeurIPS 20253D-Prover: Diversity Driven Theorem Proving With Determinantal Point Processes
• ICML 2025Position: Trustworthy AI Agents Require the Integration of Large Language Models and Formal Methods
• ICLR 2025Alchemy: Amplifying Theorem-Proving Capability Through Symbolic Mutation
• CVPR 2025Automated Proof of Polynomial Inequalities via Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2024FVEL: Interactive Formal Verification Environment with Large Language Models via Theorem Proving
• ICML 2024Position: The No Free Lunch Theorem, Kolmogorov Complexity, and the Role of Inductive Biases in Machine Learning
• ICLR 2024A Characterization Theorem for Equivariant Networks with Point-wise Activations
• ICML 2023Extending Conformal Prediction to Hidden Markov Models with Exact Validity via de Finetti's Theorem for Markov Chains
• ICLR 2023Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learning
• NeurIPS 2026Compositional Generalization Certificates via the Van Kampen Theorem
• ICML 2026Editable Proof Sketch for Automated Theorem Proving
• ICLR 2026Premise Selection for a Lean Hammer
• NeurIPS 2025Ineq-Comp: Benchmarking Human-Intuitive Compositional Reasoning in Automated Theorem Proving of Inequalities
• ICML 2025ProofAug: Efficient Neural Theorem Proving via Fine-grained Proof Structure Analysis
• ICLR 2025ImProver: Agent-Based Automated Proof Optimization
• NeurIPS 2024Proving Olympiad Algebraic Inequalities without Human Demonstrations
• ICML 2024Subgoal-based Demonstration Learning for Formal Theorem Proving

All Theorem Proving papers

32 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICLR 2026A Representer Theorem for Hawkes Processes via Penalized Least Squares Minimization
2. ICLR 2026EvolProver: Advancing Automated theorem proving by Evolving Formalized Problems via Symmetry and Difficulty
3. ICLR 2026FormalML: A Benchmark for Evaluating Formal Subgoal Completion in Machine Learning Theory
4. ICLR 2026GAR: Generative Adversarial Reinforcement Learning for Formal Theorem Proving
5. ICLR 2026Goedel-Prover-V2: Scaling Formal Theorem Proving with Scaffolded Data Synthesis and Self-Correction
6. ICLR 2026Hilbert: Recursively Building Formal Proofs with Informal Reasoning
7. ICLR 2026Let's Explore Step by Step: Generating Provable Formal Statements with Deductive Exploration
8. ICLR 2026LoC-Decomp: LLM Autoformalization via Logical Concept Decomposition and Iterative Feedback Correction
9. ICLR 2026Mathesis: Towards Formal Theorem Proving from Natural Languages
10. ICLR 2026Neural Theorem Proving for Verification Conditions: A Real-World Benchmark
11. ICLR 2026Premise Selection for a Lean Hammer
12. ICLR 2026Process-Verified Reinforcement Learning for Theorem Proving via Lean
13. ICLR 2026ProofBridge: Auto-Formalization of Natural Language Proofs in Lean via Joint Embeddings
14. ICLR 2026ReForm: Reflective Autoformalization with Prospective Bounded Sequence Optimization
15. ICLR 2026VERINA: Benchmarking Verifiable Code Generation
16. ICLR 2025Alchemy: Amplifying Theorem-Proving Capability Through Symbolic Mutation
17. ICLR 2025CARTS: Advancing Neural Theorem Proving with Diversified Tactic Calibration and Bias-Resistant Tree Search
18. ICLR 2025Deep Learning Alternatives Of The Kolmogorov Superposition Theorem
19. ICLR 2025ImProver: Agent-Based Automated Proof Optimization
20. ICLR 2025LeanAgent: Lifelong Learning for Formal Theorem Proving
21. ICLR 2025miniCTX: Neural Theorem Proving with (Long-)Contexts
22. ICLR 2025Proving Olympiad Inequalities by Synergizing LLMs and Symbolic Reasoning
23. ICLR 2024A Characterization Theorem for Equivariant Networks with Point-wise Activations
24. ICLR 2024Don't Trust: Verify -- Grounding LLM Quantitative Reasoning with Autoformalization
25. ICLR 2024LEGO-Prover: Neural Theorem Proving with Growing Libraries
26. ICLR 2024Magnushammer: A Transformer-Based Approach to Premise Selection
27. ICLR 2024Mathematical Justification of Hard Negative Mining via Isometric Approximation Theorem
28. ICLR 2024Proving Test Set Contamination in Black-Box Language Models
29. ICLR 2024REFACTOR: Learning to Extract Theorems from Proofs
30. ICLR 2024Where We Have Arrived in Proving the Emergence of Sparse Interaction Primitives in DNNs
31. ICLR 2023Draft, Sketch, and Prove: Guiding Formal Theorem Provers with Informal Proofs
32. ICLR 2023Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learning

FAQ

How many Theorem Proving papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

80 in total: 3 in 2023, 19 in 2024, 20 in 2025, 38 in 2026.

How many Theorem Proving papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 6 Theorem Proving papers, versus 9 the year before.

How many Theorem Proving papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 15 Theorem Proving papers, versus 7 the year before.

How many Theorem Proving papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 17 Theorem Proving papers, versus 3 the year before.

How many Theorem Proving papers are at CVPR 2025?

CVPR 2025 has 1 Theorem Proving papers.

Which conference publishes the most Theorem Proving papers?

ICLR, with 32 papers from 2023 to 2026.