Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

6,885 papers, page 69 of 138

3401. ICLR 2025ToolGen: Unified Tool Retrieval and Calling via Generation
3402. ICLR 2025TOP-ERL: Transformer-based Off-Policy Episodic Reinforcement Learning
3403. ICLR 2025Toward Efficient Multi-Agent Exploration With Trajectory Entropy Maximization
3404. ICLR 2025Toward Exploratory Inverse Constraint Inference with Generative Diffusion Verifiers
3405. ICLR 2025Towards Empowerment Gain through Causal Structure Learning in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
3406. ICLR 2025Towards Federated RLHF with Aggregated Client Preference for LLMs
3407. ICLR 2025Towards General-Purpose Model-Free Reinforcement Learning
3408. ICLR 2025Towards Generalizable Reinforcement Learning via Causality-Guided Self-Adaptive Representations
3409. ICLR 2025Towards Improving Exploration through Sibling Augmented GFlowNets
3410. ICLR 2025TPO: Aligning Large Language Models with Multi-branch & Multi-step Preference Trees
3411. ICLR 2025Tractable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning through Behavioral Economics
3412. ICLR 2025Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learning
3413. ICLR 2025Training Large Language Models for Retrieval-Augmented Question Answering through Backtracking Correction
3414. ICLR 2025Trajectory-Class-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
3415. ICLR 2025Transformer-Squared: Self-adaptive LLMs
3416. ICLR 2025Transformers Can Learn Temporal Difference Methods for In-Context Reinforcement Learning
3417. ICLR 2025Uncertainty and Influence aware Reward Model Refinement for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
3418. ICLR 2025Understanding Constraint Inference in Safety-Critical Inverse Reinforcement Learning
3419. ICLR 2025Unhackable Temporal Reward for Scalable Video MLLMs
3420. ICLR 2025UniCO: On Unified Combinatorial Optimization via Problem Reduction to Matrix-Encoded General TSP
3421. ICLR 2025Unsupervised Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning via Dual-Value Forward-Backward Representation
3422. ICLR 2025UTILITY: Utilizing Explainable Reinforcement Learning to Improve Reinforcement Learning
3423. ICLR 2025Value-aligned Behavior Cloning for Offline Reinforcement Learning via Bi-level Optimization
3424. ICLR 2025Value-Incentivized Preference Optimization: A Unified Approach to Online and Offline RLHF
3425. ICLR 2025VICtoR: Learning Hierarchical Vision-Instruction Correlation Rewards for Long-horizon Manipulation
3426. ICLR 2025VisualPredicator: Learning Abstract World Models with Neuro-Symbolic Predicates for Robot Planning
3427. ICLR 2025VTDexManip: A Dataset and Benchmark for Visual-tactile Pretraining and Dexterous Manipulation with Reinforcement Learning
3428. ICLR 2025VVC-Gym: A Fixed-Wing UAV Reinforcement Learning Environment for Multi-Goal Long-Horizon Problems
3429. ICLR 2025WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learning
3430. ICLR 2025What Does It Mean to Be a Transformer? Insights from a Theoretical Hessian Analysis
3431. ICLR 2025What Makes a Good Diffusion Planner for Decision Making?
3432. ICLR 2025WizardMath: Empowering Mathematical Reasoning for Large Language Models via Reinforced Evol-Instruct
3433. ICLR 2025XLand-100B: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for In-Context Reinforcement Learning
3434. ICLR 2025Zero-shot Model-based Reinforcement Learning using Large Language Models
3435. ICLR 2025Zero-Shot Whole-Body Humanoid Control via Behavioral Foundation Models
3436. ICLR 2025Zeroth-Order Policy Gradient for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback without Reward Inference
3437. ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
3438. ICML 2025A Forget-and-Grow Strategy for Deep Reinforcement Learning Scaling in Continuous Control
3439. ICML 2025A Large Recurrent Action Model: xLSTM enables Fast Inference for Robotics Tasks
3440. ICML 2025A Mixed-Curvature based Pre-training Paradigm for Multi-Task Vehicle Routing Solver
3441. ICML 2025A Model of Place Field Reorganization During Reward Maximization
3442. ICML 2025A Multi-Region Brain Model to Elucidate the Role of Hippocampus in Spatially Embedded Decision-Making
3443. ICML 2025A Physics-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Safe and Optimal Control of Autonomous Systems
3444. ICML 2025A Reduction Framework for Distributionally Robust Reinforcement Learning under Average Reward
3445. ICML 2025A Reductions Approach to Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning with Optimized Certainty Equivalents
3446. ICML 2025A Sharper Global Convergence Analysis for Average Reward Reinforcement Learning via an Actor-Critic Approach
3447. ICML 2025A Theoretical Justification for Asymmetric Actor-Critic Algorithms
3448. ICML 2025A Theoretical Study of (Hyper) Self-Attention through the Lens of Interactions: Representation, Training, Generalization
3449. ICML 2025A Unified Theoretical Analysis of Private and Robust Offline Alignment: from RLHF to DPO
3450. ICML 2025Accelerating Quantum Reinforcement Learning with a Quantum Natural Policy Gradient Based Approach

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.