Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

6,885 papers, page 122 of 138

6051. ICLR 2023Represent to Control Partially Observed Systems: Representation Learning with Provable Sample Efficiency
6052. ICLR 2023Representation Learning for Low-rank General-sum Markov Games
6053. ICLR 2023ResAct: Reinforcing Long-term Engagement in Sequential Recommendation with Residual Actor
6054. ICLR 2023Revisiting Intrinsic Reward for Exploration in Procedurally Generated Environments
6055. ICLR 2023Revocable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Affinity Regularization for Outlier-Robust Graph Matching
6056. ICLR 2023Reward Design with Language Models
6057. ICLR 2023Risk-Aware Reinforcement Learning with Coherent Risk Measures and Non-linear Function Approximation
6058. ICLR 2023RLx2: Training a Sparse Deep Reinforcement Learning Model from Scratch
6059. ICLR 2023ROCO: A General Framework for Evaluating Robustness of Combinatorial Optimization Solvers on Graphs
6060. ICLR 2023RPM: Generalizable Multi-Agent Policies for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
6061. ICLR 2023Safe Exploration Incurs Nearly No Additional Sample Complexity for Reward-Free RL
6062. ICLR 2023Safe Reinforcement Learning From Pixels Using a Stochastic Latent Representation
6063. ICLR 2023Sample Complexity of Nonparametric Off-Policy Evaluation on Low-Dimensional Manifolds using Deep Networks
6064. ICLR 2023Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Breaking the Replay Ratio Barrier
6065. ICLR 2023Scalable Batch-Mode Deep Bayesian Active Learning via Equivalence Class Annealing
6066. ICLR 2023Scaling Laws for a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Model
6067. ICLR 2023Scaling Pareto-Efficient Decision Making via Offline Multi-Objective RL
6068. ICLR 2023Simple Emergent Action Representations from Multi-Task Policy Training
6069. ICLR 2023Simplifying Model-based RL: Learning Representations, Latent-space Models, and Policies with One Objective
6070. ICLR 2023SMART: Self-supervised Multi-task pretrAining with contRol Transformers
6071. ICLR 2023Solving Continuous Control via Q-learning
6072. ICLR 2023Spectral Decomposition Representation for Reinforcement Learning
6073. ICLR 2023SpeedyZero: Mastering Atari with Limited Data and Time
6074. ICLR 2023Stateful Active Facilitator: Coordination and Environmental Heterogeneity in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
6075. ICLR 2023Statistical Efficiency of Score Matching: The View from Isoperimetry
6076. ICLR 2023Stay Moral and Explore: Learn to Behave Morally in Text-based Games
6077. ICLR 2023Systematic Rectification of Language Models via Dead-end Analysis
6078. ICLR 2023Task Ambiguity in Humans and Language Models
6079. ICLR 2023TEMPERA: Test-Time Prompt Editing via Reinforcement Learning
6080. ICLR 2023Temporal Disentanglement of Representations for Improved Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning
6081. ICLR 2023The In-Sample Softmax for Offline Reinforcement Learning
6082. ICLR 2023The Power of Regularization in Solving Extensive-Form Games
6083. ICLR 2023The Provable Benefit of Unsupervised Data Sharing for Offline Reinforcement Learning
6084. ICLR 2023The Role of Coverage in Online Reinforcement Learning
6085. ICLR 2023The Surprising Effectiveness of Equivariant Models in Domains with Latent Symmetry
6086. ICLR 2023Timing is Everything: Learning to Act Selectively with Costly Actions and Budgetary Constraints
6087. ICLR 2023Towards Effective and Interpretable Human-Agent Collaboration in MOBA Games: A Communication Perspective
6088. ICLR 2023Towards Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Human-Friendly Prototypes
6089. ICLR 2023Towards Minimax Optimal Reward-free Reinforcement Learning in Linear MDPs
6090. ICLR 2023Transformer-based model for symbolic regression via joint supervised learning
6091. ICLR 2023Transformer-based World Models Are Happy With 100k Interactions
6092. ICLR 2023Transformers are Sample-Efficient World Models
6093. ICLR 2023Truthful Self-Play
6094. ICLR 2023Understanding and Adopting Rational Behavior by Bellman Score Estimation
6095. ICLR 2023User-Interactive Offline Reinforcement Learning
6096. ICLR 2023Value Memory Graph: A Graph-Structured World Model for Offline Reinforcement Learning
6097. ICLR 2023Variational Information Pursuit for Interpretable Predictions
6098. ICLR 2023Variational Latent Branching Model for Off-Policy Evaluation
6099. ICLR 2023VIP: Towards Universal Visual Reward and Representation via Value-Implicit Pre-Training
6100. ICLR 2023VIPeR: Provably Efficient Algorithm for Offline RL with Neural Function Approximation

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.