Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

911 papers, page 10 of 19

451. ICLR 2026Measuring and Mitigating Rapport Bias of Large Language Models under Multi-Agent Social Interactions
452. ICLR 2026Measuring Audio's Impact on Correctness: Audio-Contribution-Aware Post-Training of Large Audio Language Models
453. ICLR 2026Mechanistic Detection and Mitigation of Hallucination in Large Reasoning Models
454. ICLR 2026MedAgentGym: A Scalable Agentic Training Environment for Code-Centric Reasoning in Biomedical Data Science
455. ICLR 2026MedVR: Annotation-Free Medical Visual Reasoning via Agentic Reinforcement Learning
456. ICLR 2026MEM1: Learning to Synergize Memory and Reasoning for Efficient Long-Horizon Agents
457. ICLR 2026Memory-T1: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Reasoning in Multi-session Agents
458. ICLR 2026Memory, Benchmark & Robots: A Benchmark for Solving Complex Tasks with Reinforcement Learning
459. ICLR 2026MENLO: From Preferences to Proficiency – Evaluating and Modeling Native-like Quality Across 47 Languages
460. ICLR 2026MergeMix: A Unified Augmentation Paradigm for Visual and Multi-Modal Understanding
461. ICLR 2026Meta-RL Induces Exploration in Language Agents
462. ICLR 2026MetaSpatial: Reinforcing 3D Spatial Reasoning in VLMs for the Metaverse
463. ICLR 2026Micro-Macro Retrieval: Reducing Long-Form Hallucination in Large Language Models
464. ICLR 2026Mini-o3: Scaling Up Reasoning Patterns and Interaction Turns for Visual Search
465. ICLR 2026Minimax Optimal Adversarial Reinforcement Learning
466. ICLR 2026MIRA: Memory-Integrated Reinforcement Learning Agent with Limited LLM Guidance
467. ICLR 2026MIRACLE: Model-free Imitation and Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Cut-Selection
468. ICLR 2026Mirage or Method? How Model–Task Alignment Induces Divergent RL Conclusions
469. ICLR 2026Mitigating Hallucination in Vision-Language Model with Depth and Spatial-aware Key-Value Refinement
470. ICLR 2026Mitigating the Safety Alignment Tax with Null-Space Constrained Policy Optimization
471. ICLR 2026Mixture-of-World Models: Scaling Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Modular Latent Dynamics
472. ICLR 2026MM-HELIX: Boosting Multimodal Long-Chain Reflective Reasoning with Holistic Platform and Adaptive Hybrid Policy Optimization
473. ICLR 2026MMDuet2: Enhancing Proactive Interaction of Video MLLMs with Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning
474. ICLR 2026MMedAgent-RL: Optimizing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Multimodal Medical Reasoning
475. ICLR 2026MobileRL: Online Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Mobile GUI Agents
476. ICLR 2026MOBODY: Model-Based Off-Dynamics Offline Reinforcement Learning
477. ICLR 2026Mode-conditioning unlocks superior test-time compute scaling
478. ICLR 2026Model Predictive Adversarial Imitation Learning for Planning from Observation
479. ICLR 2026Model-based Offline RL via Robust Value-Aware Model Learning with Implicitly Differentiable Adaptive Weighting
480. ICLR 2026MolEditRL: Structure-Preserving Molecular Editing via Discrete Diffusion and Reinforcement Learning
481. ICLR 2026MomaGraph: State-Aware Unified Scene Graphs with Vision-Language Models for Embodied Task Planning
482. ICLR 2026More Thought, Less Accuracy? On the Dual Nature of Reasoning in Vision-Language Models
483. ICLR 2026Motion-R1: Enhancing Motion Generation with Decomposed Chain-of-Thought and RL Binding
484. ICLR 2026Multi-agent Coordination via Flow Matching
485. ICLR 2026Multi-Agent Guided Policy Optimization
486. ICLR 2026Multimodal LLM-assisted Evolutionary Search for Programmatic Control Policies
487. ICLR 2026Multimodal Policy Internalization for Conversational Agents
488. ICLR 2026Multiplayer Nash Preference Optimization
489. ICLR 2026Music Flamingo: Scaling Music Understanding in Audio Language Models
490. ICLR 2026MVR: Multi-view Video Reward Shaping for Reinforcement Learning
491. ICLR 2026Native Reasoning Models: Training Language Models to Reason on Unverifiable Data
492. ICLR 2026Near-Optimal Sample Complexity Bounds for Constrained Average-Reward MDPs
493. ICLR 2026Negotiated Reasoning: On Provably Addressing Relative Over-Generalization
494. ICLR 2026Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1: Exploring Tool-Using Language Models with Reinforced Reasoning
495. ICLR 2026Neural Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems
496. ICLR 2026Neural Predictor-Corrector: Solving Homotopy Problems with Reinforcement Learning
497. ICLR 2026Neural+Symbolic Approaches for Interpretable Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning
498. ICLR 2026NFT: Bridging Supervised Learning and Reinforcement Learning in Math Reasoning
499. ICLR 2026No Labels, No Problem: Training Visual Reasoners with Multimodal Verifiers
500. ICLR 2026No Prompt Left Behind: Exploiting Zero-Variance Prompts in LLM Reinforcement Learning via Entropy-Guided Advantage Shaping

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.