Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

224 papers, page 3 of 5

101. ICML 2026HiPER: Hierarchical Plan–Execute RL for Multi-Turn LLM Agents
102. ICML 2026How Far Can LLM Agents Reason with Tables? Benchmarking Multi-Turn Agentic Table Question Answering in the Wild
103. ICML 2026HPS: Hyperspherical Parameter Sharing for Efficient Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
104. ICML 2026HyPOLE: Hyperproperty-Guided Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning under Partial Observation
105. ICML 2026Identifying dependent components from multi-domain linear mixtures
106. ICML 2026IEC: When Information-Driven Exploration Meets Spectral Consensus via Primal–Dual Reward Regularization in Decentralized Multi-Agent RL
107. ICML 2026Inference from Quantized Data via Normal Variance-Mean Mixtures
108. ICML 2026InfoPO: Information-Driven Policy Optimization for User-Centric Agents
109. ICML 2026InnoEval: On Research Idea Evaluation as a Knowledge-Grounded, Multi-Perspective Reasoning Problem
110. ICML 2026Interaction-Breaking Adversarial Learning Framework for Robust Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
111. ICML 2026Investigating Component Contributions in Multi-Agent ML Systems
112. ICML 2026JADE: Bridging the Strategic-Operational Gap in Dynamic Agentic RAG
113. ICML 2026Judgment Operators: A Composition-Invariant Substrate for Multi-Agent Action Spaces
114. ICML 2026Just Ask: Curious Code Agents Reveal System Prompts in Frontier LLMs
115. ICML 2026KernelBand: Steering LLM-based Kernel Optimization via Hardware-Aware Multi-Armed Bandits
116. ICML 2026Knothe-Rosenblatt Quantile Regression for Risk-sensitive Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning
117. ICML 2026Large Language Model Agents Are Not Always Faithful Self-Evolvers
118. ICML 2026Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems
119. ICML 2026Learn to change the world: Multi-level reinforcement learning with model-changing actions
120. ICML 2026Learning Decentralized LLM Collaboration with Multi-Agent Actor Critic
121. ICML 2026Learning Generalized Label Distributions
122. ICML 2026Learning Multi-Agent Coordination via Sheaf-ADMM
123. ICML 2026Learning Multi-Scale Hypergraph for High-Order Brain Connectivity Analysis
124. ICML 2026Learning Robust Multi-Agent Policies via Selective Adversarial Fault Induction
125. ICML 2026Learning to Share: Selective Memory for Efficient Parallel Agentic Systems
126. ICML 2026LEGO: An LLM-Enabled Hierarchical Optimizer for Tensor Computation Graphs with Structure-Aware Search and Compositional Synthesis
127. ICML 2026Let the Prototype Guide You: Robust Aggregation of Sparse Multi-Class Annotations via Annotator Prototype Learning
128. ICML 2026LLawCo: Learning Laws of Cooperation for Modeling Embodied Multi-Agent Behavior
129. ICML 2026LLM-Guided Communication for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
130. ICML 2026LRAgent: Efficient KV Cache Sharing for Multi-LoRA LLM Agents
131. ICML 2026LS$^{2}$MC-GDA: A Smoothed Algorithm for Federated Stochastic Multi-Level Compositional Minimax Optimization
132. ICML 2026MaMa: A Game-Theoretic Approach for Designing Safe Agentic Systems
133. ICML 2026MARS-SQL: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework For Text-To-SQL
134. ICML 2026MARS: Modular Agent with Reflective Search for Automated AI Research
135. ICML 2026MAS-Architect: Declarative Multi-Agent System Design via Separation of Concerns
136. ICML 2026MAS-ProVe: Understanding the Process Verification of Multi-Agent Systems
137. ICML 2026MASPO: Joint Prompt Optimization for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
138. ICML 2026MASPOB: Bandit-Based Prompt Optimization for Multi-Agent Systems with Graph Neural Networks
139. ICML 2026MEAL: A Benchmark for Continual Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
140. ICML 2026MEMO: Memory-Augmented Model Context Optimization for Robust Multi-Turn Multi-Agent LLM Games
141. ICML 2026MEnvAgent: Scalable Polyglot Environment Construction for Verifiable Software Engineering
142. ICML 2026Meta-Black-Box Optimization Can Do Search Guidance for Expensive Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization
143. ICML 2026MIMO-LP: A Multi-Input Multi-Output Framework for Subgraph-based Link Prediction
144. ICML 2026MindFlow: Mind Supernet Powered Thinking Flows for Research Idea Innovation
145. ICML 2026Mitigating Conversational Inertia in Multi-Turn Agents
146. ICML 2026ML-Agent: Reinforcing LLM Agents for Autonomous Machine Learning Engineering
147. ICML 2026MOC: Multi-Order Communication in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
148. ICML 2026MonoScale: Scaling Multi-Agent System with Monotonic Improvement
149. ICML 2026Mosaic: Runtime-Efficient Multi-Agent Embodied Planning
150. ICML 2026MulFCoder: Framework-conditioned Multi-agent for MLLM-based Multi-framework Front-end Code Generation

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.