Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

2,126 papers, page 21 of 43

1001. ICLR 2025CofCA: A STEP-WISE Counterfactual Multi-hop QA benchmark
1002. ICLR 2025COMBO: Compositional World Models for Embodied Multi-Agent Cooperation
1003. ICLR 2025Competing Large Language Models in Multi-Agent Gaming Environments
1004. ICLR 2025CoMRes: Semi-Supervised Time Series Forecasting Utilizing Consensus Promotion of Multi-Resolution
1005. ICLR 2025COPER: Correlation-based Permutations for Multi-View Clustering
1006. ICLR 2025Cut the Crap: An Economical Communication Pipeline for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
1007. ICLR 2025DelTA: An Online Document-Level Translation Agent Based on Multi-Level Memory
1008. ICLR 2025Direct Post-Training Preference Alignment for Multi-Agent Motion Generation Model Using Implicit Feedback from Pre-training Demonstrations
1009. ICLR 2025Discriminator-Guided Embodied Planning for LLM Agent
1010. ICLR 2025DistRL: An Asynchronous Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for On-Device Control Agent
1011. ICLR 2025Divergence-Regularized Discounted Aggregation: Equilibrium Finding in Multiplayer Partially Observable Stochastic Games
1012. ICLR 2025Do as We Do, Not as You Think: the Conformity of Large Language Models
1013. ICLR 2025Do LLM Agents Have Regret? A Case Study in Online Learning and Games
1014. ICLR 2025DUET: Decentralized Bilevel Optimization without Lower-Level Strong Convexity
1015. ICLR 2025Duoduo CLIP: Efficient 3D Understanding with Multi-View Images
1016. ICLR 2025EC-Diffuser: Multi-Object Manipulation via Entity-Centric Behavior Generation
1017. ICLR 2025EFFICIENT JAILBREAK ATTACK SEQUENCES ON LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS VIA MULTI-ARMED BANDIT-BASED CONTEXT SWITCHING
1018. ICLR 2025EgoSim: Egocentric Exploration in Virtual Worlds with Multi-modal Conditioning
1019. ICLR 2025EMOS: Embodiment-aware Heterogeneous Multi-robot Operating System with LLM Agents
1020. ICLR 2025Flow: Modularized Agentic Workflow Automation
1021. ICLR 2025Fourier Head: Helping Large Language Models Learn Complex Probability Distributions
1022. ICLR 2025From GNNs to Trees: Multi-Granular Interpretability for Graph Neural Networks
1023. ICLR 2025Generalized Principal-Agent Problem with a Learning Agent
1024. ICLR 2025GOAL: A Generalist Combinatorial Optimization Agent Learner
1025. ICLR 2025Graph Neural Networks Gone Hogwild
1026. ICLR 2025Have the VLMs Lost Confidence? A Study of Sycophancy in VLMs
1027. ICLR 2025Hypothetical Minds: Scaffolding Theory of Mind for Multi-Agent Tasks with Large Language Models
1028. ICLR 2025ILLUSION: Unveiling Truth with a Comprehensive Multi-Modal, Multi-Lingual Deepfake Dataset
1029. ICLR 2025Internet of Agents: Weaving a Web of Heterogeneous Agents for Collaborative Intelligence
1030. ICLR 2025IntersectionZoo: Eco-driving for Benchmarking Multi-Agent Contextual Reinforcement Learning
1031. ICLR 2025Inverse Attention Agents for Multi-Agent Systems
1032. ICLR 2025InvestESG: A multi-agent reinforcement learning benchmark for studying climate investment as a social dilemma
1033. ICLR 2025Learned Reference-based Diffusion Sampler for multi-modal distributions
1034. ICLR 2025Learning Multi-Index Models with Neural Networks via Mean-Field Langevin Dynamics
1035. ICLR 2025Learning on One Mode: Addressing Multi-modality in Offline Reinforcement Learning
1036. ICLR 2025Learning to Help in Multi-Class Settings
1037. ICLR 2025Lightweight Neural App Control
1038. ICLR 2025LiveXiv - A Multi-Modal live benchmark based on Arxiv papers content
1039. ICLR 2025MACPO: Weak-to-Strong Alignment via Multi-Agent Contrastive Preference Optimization
1040. ICLR 2025MindSearch: Mimicking Human Minds Elicits Deep AI Searcher
1041. ICLR 2025Minimal Impact ControlNet: Advancing Multi-ControlNet Integration
1042. ICLR 2025Mixture-of-Agents Enhances Large Language Model Capabilities
1043. ICLR 2025MTU-Bench: A Multi-granularity Tool-Use Benchmark for Large Language Models
1044. ICLR 2025Multi-Dimensional Conformal Prediction
1045. ICLR 2025Multi-Draft Speculative Sampling: Canonical Decomposition and Theoretical Limits
1046. ICLR 2025Multi-Label Node Classification with Label Influence Propagation
1047. ICLR 2025Multi-modal Agent Tuning: Building a VLM-Driven Agent for Efficient Tool Usage
1048. ICLR 2025Multiagent Finetuning: Self Improvement with Diverse Reasoning Chains
1049. ICLR 2025Near-Optimal Online Learning for Multi-Agent Submodular Coordination: Tight Approximation and Communication Efficiency
1050. ICLR 2025OBI-Bench: Can LMMs Aid in Study of Ancient Script on Oracle Bones?

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.