LLM-as-Judge papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• LLM-as-Judge went from 8 papers in 2023 to 219 in 2026, roughly 27x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most LLM-as-Judge work: 173 papers from 2023 to 2026, 43% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 78 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Evaluation and Benchmarks, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, LLM Benchmarks, is up 154x versus 27x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A Free Lunch in LLM Compression: Revisiting Retraining after Pruning
• ICML 2026A Judge-Aware Ranking Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models without Ground Truth
• ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
• CVPR 2026Pixels Dont Lie But Your Detector Might Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{BetaConform}$: Efficient MAP Estimation of LLM Ensemble Judgment Performance with Prior Transfer
• ICML 2025Active Evaluation Acquisition for Efficient LLM Benchmarking
• ICLR 2025An Empirical Analysis of Uncertainty in Large Language Model Evaluations
• CVPR 2025ASHiTA: Automatic Scene-grounded HIerarchical Task Analysis
• NeurIPS 2024BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?
• ICML 2024CHAI: Clustered Head Attention for Efficient LLM Inference
• ICLR 2024PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization
• NeurIPS 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
• ICML 2023SAM operates far from home: eigenvalue regularization as a dynamical phenomenon
• ICLR 2023On the complexity of nonsmooth automatic differentiation
• NeurIPS 2026A Stratified Multi-Rater Evaluation of LLM-Based Virtual Standardized Patients with a Deployed Data-Generation Platform
• ICML 2026Are LLM Evaluators Really Narcissists? Sanity Checking Self-Preference Evaluations
• ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
• CVPR 20263DrawAgent Teaching LLM to Draw in 3D with Early Contrastive
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees
• ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators

All LLM-as-Judge papers

219 papers, page 1 of 5

1. CVPR 20263D-VCD Hallucination Mitigation in 3D-LLM Embodied Agents through Visual Contrastive
2. CVPR 20263DrawAgent Teaching LLM to Draw in 3D with Early Contrastive
3. CVPR 2026ArtLLM Generating Articulated Assets via 3D LLM
4. CVPR 2026Pixels Dont Lie But Your Detector Might Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for
5. CVPR 2026SO-Bench A Structural Output Evaluation of Multimodal LLM
6. ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
7. ICLR 2026Align Once, Benefit Multilingually: Enforcing Multilingual Consistency for LLM Safety Alignment
8. ICLR 2026Align to Misalign: Automatic LLM Jailbreak with Meta-Optimized LLM Judges
9. ICLR 2026Auto-RT: Automatic Jailbreak Strategy Exploration for Red-Teaming Large Language Models
10. ICLR 2026AutoCodeBench: Large Language Models are Automatic Code Benchmark Generators
11. ICLR 2026AutoLibra: Agent Metric Induction from Open-Ended Human Feedback
12. ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
13. ICLR 2026AutoTool: Automatic Scaling of Tool-Use Capabilities in RL via Decoupled Entropy Constraints
14. ICLR 2026Benchmarking LLM Tool-Use in the Wild
15. ICLR 2026BiasScope: Towards Automated Detection of Bias in LLM-as-a-Judge Evaluation
16. ICLR 2026Counterfactual LLM-based Framework for Measuring Rhetorical Style
17. ICLR 2026DiscoX: Benchmarking Discourse-Level Translation in Expert Domains
18. ICLR 2026DiSRouter: Distributed Self-Routing for LLM Selections
19. ICLR 2026Doubly-Robust LLM-as-a-Judge: Externally Valid Estimation with Imperfect Personas
20. ICLR 2026DUET: Optimizing LLM Training Data Mixtures via Noisy Feedback from Unseen, Downstream Evaluation Tasks
21. ICLR 2026Epistemic Uncertainty Quantification To Improve Decisions From Black-Box Models
22. ICLR 2026Fewer Battles, More Gain: An Information-Efficient Framework for Arena-based LLM Evaluation
23. ICLR 2026Fewer Weights, More Problems: A Practical Attack on LLM Pruning
24. ICLR 2026Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domains
25. ICLR 2026Generative Value Conflicts Reveal LLM Priorities
26. ICLR 2026HiFo-Prompt: Prompting with Hindsight and Foresight for LLM-based Automatic Heuristic Design
27. ICLR 2026How Learning Rate Decay Wastes Your Best Data in Curriculum-Based LLM Pretraining
28. ICLR 2026Incentivizing Agentic Reasoning in LLM Judges via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learning
29. ICLR 2026Influence-Preserving Proxies for Gradient-Based Data Selection in LLM FineTuning
30. ICLR 2026J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learning
31. ICLR 2026LLM Fingerprinting via Semantically Conditioned Watermarks
32. ICLR 2026LLM-as-a-Prophet: Understanding Predictive Intelligence with Prophet Arena
33. ICLR 2026LLM-JEPA: Large Language Models Meet Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures
34. ICLR 2026LLMS ON TRIAL: Evaluating Judicial Fairness For Large Language Models
35. ICLR 2026MENLO: From Preferences to Proficiency – Evaluating and Modeling Native-like Quality Across 47 Languages
36. ICLR 2026Meta-Router: Bridging Gold-standard and Preference-based Evaluations in LLM Routing
37. ICLR 2026Multiple-Prediction-Powered Inference
38. ICLR 2026Noisy but Valid: Robust Statistical Evaluation of LLMs with Imperfect Judges
39. ICLR 2026On the Shelf Life of Finetuned LLM-Judges: Future Proofing, Backward Compatibility, and Question Generalization
40. ICLR 2026Predicting LLM Output Length via Entropy-Guided Representations
41. ICLR 2026Predicting LLM Reasoning Performance with Small Proxy Model
42. ICLR 2026Predicting Training Re-evaluation Curves Enables Effective Data Curriculums for LLMs
43. ICLR 2026Preference Leakage: A Contamination Problem in LLM-as-a-judge
44. ICLR 2026ProfBench: Multi-Domain Rubrics requiring Professional Knowledge to Answer and Judge
45. ICLR 2026ProRe: A Proactive Reward System for GUI Agents via Reasoner–Actor Collaboration
46. ICLR 2026QuoKA: Query-Oriented KV Selection for Efficient LLM Prefill
47. ICLR 2026QuRL: Rubrics As Judge For Open-Ended Question Answering
48. ICLR 2026References Improve LLM Alignment in Non-Verifiable Domains
49. ICLR 2026Reliable Fine-Grained Evaluation of Natural Language Math Proofs
50. ICLR 2026Rethinking LLM Evaluation: Can We Evaluate LLMs with 200× Less Data?

FAQ

How many LLM-as-Judge papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

401 in total: 8 in 2023, 48 in 2024, 126 in 2025, 219 in 2026.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 88 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 53 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 62 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 37 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 64 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 33 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 5 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 3 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most LLM-as-Judge papers?

NeurIPS, with 173 papers from 2023 to 2026.