LLM-as-Judge papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• LLM-as-Judge went from 8 papers in 2023 to 219 in 2026, roughly 27x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most LLM-as-Judge work: 173 papers from 2023 to 2026, 43% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 78 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Evaluation and Benchmarks, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, LLM Benchmarks, is up 154x versus 27x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A Free Lunch in LLM Compression: Revisiting Retraining after Pruning
• ICML 2026A Judge-Aware Ranking Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models without Ground Truth
• ICLR 2026Addressing Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Natural Language Generation
• CVPR 2026Pixels Dont Lie But Your Detector Might Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{BetaConform}$: Efficient MAP Estimation of LLM Ensemble Judgment Performance with Prior Transfer
• ICML 2025Active Evaluation Acquisition for Efficient LLM Benchmarking
• ICLR 2025An Empirical Analysis of Uncertainty in Large Language Model Evaluations
• CVPR 2025ASHiTA: Automatic Scene-grounded HIerarchical Task Analysis
• NeurIPS 2024BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?
• ICML 2024CHAI: Clustered Head Attention for Efficient LLM Inference
• ICLR 2024PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization
• NeurIPS 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
• ICML 2023SAM operates far from home: eigenvalue regularization as a dynamical phenomenon
• ICLR 2023On the complexity of nonsmooth automatic differentiation
• NeurIPS 2026A Stratified Multi-Rater Evaluation of LLM-Based Virtual Standardized Patients with a Deployed Data-Generation Platform
• ICML 2026Are LLM Evaluators Really Narcissists? Sanity Checking Self-Preference Evaluations
• ICLR 2026AutoMetrics: Approximate Human Judgments with Automatically Generated Evaluators
• CVPR 20263DrawAgent Teaching LLM to Draw in 3D with Early Contrastive
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees
• ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators

All LLM-as-Judge papers

126 papers, page 2 of 3

51. ICML 2025Emoji Attack: Enhancing Jailbreak Attacks Against Judge LLM Detection
52. ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators
53. ICML 2025Exploring Criteria of Loss Reweighting to Enhance LLM Unlearning
54. ICML 2025From Jack of All Trades to Master of One: Specializing LLM-based Autoraters to a Test Set
55. ICML 2025Great Models Think Alike and this Undermines AI Oversight
56. ICML 2025Investigating Non-Transitivity in LLM-as-a-Judge
57. ICML 2025La RoSA: Enhancing LLM Efficiency via Layerwise Rotated Sparse Activation
58. ICML 2025Large Language-Geometry Model: When LLM meets Equivariance
59. ICML 2025Learning to Plan & Reason for Evaluation with Thinking-LLM-as-a-Judge
60. ICML 2025MAGELLAN: Metacognitive predictions of learning progress guide autotelic LLM agents in large goal spaces
61. ICML 2025Memorization Sinks: Isolating Memorization during LLM Training
62. ICML 2025Monte Carlo Tree Search for Comprehensive Exploration in LLM-Based Automatic Heuristic Design
63. ICML 2025Overestimation in LLM Evaluation: A Controlled Large-Scale Study on Data Contamination’s Impact on Machine Translation
64. ICML 2025Position: Don't Use the CLT in LLM Evals With Fewer Than a Few Hundred Datapoints
65. ICML 2025Position: LLM Social Simulations Are a Promising Research Method
66. ICML 2025Position: Principles of Animal Cognition to Improve LLM Evaluations
67. ICML 2025Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM *should* be its Training Data
68. ICML 2025Prompt-to-Leaderboard: Prompt-Adaptive LLM Evaluations
69. ICML 2025RZ-NAS: Enhancing LLM-guided Neural Architecture Search via Reflective Zero-Cost Strategy
70. ICML 2025The Emperor's New Clothes in Benchmarking? A Rigorous Examination of Mitigation Strategies for LLM Benchmark Data Contamination
71. ICML 2025Tuning LLM Judge Design Decisions for 1/1000 of the Cost
72. ICML 2025TypyBench: Evaluating LLM Type Inference for Untyped Python Repositories
73. ICML 2025Uncertainty Quantification for LLM-Based Survey Simulations
74. NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{BetaConform}$: Efficient MAP Estimation of LLM Ensemble Judgment Performance with Prior Transfer
75. NeurIPS 2025ACT as Human: Multimodal Large Language Model Data Annotation with Critical Thinking
76. NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Prediction-Powered AutoEval with Reliability and Efficiency Guarantees
77. NeurIPS 2025Any Large Language Model Can Be a Reliable Judge: Debiasing with a Reasoning-based Bias Detector
78. NeurIPS 2025Ask a Strong LLM Judge when Your Reward Model is Uncertain
79. NeurIPS 2025AutoJudge: Judge Decoding Without Manual Annotation
80. NeurIPS 2025Beyond the Surface: Enhancing LLM-as-a-Judge Alignment with Human via Internal Representations
81. NeurIPS 2025Bohdi: Heterogeneous LLM Fusion with Automatic Data Exploration
82. NeurIPS 2025BrainEC-LLM: Brain Effective Connectivity Estimation by Multiscale Mixing LLM
83. NeurIPS 2025Bridging Human and LLM Judgments: Understanding and Narrowing the Gap
84. NeurIPS 2025Comparison requires valid measurement: Rethinking attack success rate comparisons in AI red teaming
85. NeurIPS 2025Correlation Dimension of Autoregressive Large Language Models
86. NeurIPS 2025Cost-aware LLM-based Online Dataset Annotation
87. NeurIPS 2025Distributional LLM-as-a-Judge
88. NeurIPS 2025Do Automatic Factuality Metrics Measure Factuality? A Critical Evaluation
89. NeurIPS 2025Do Language Models Use Their Depth Efficiently?
90. NeurIPS 2025Enhancing Multilingual LLM Pretraining with Model-Based Data Selection
91. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating LLM-contaminated Crowdsourcing Data Without Ground Truth
92. NeurIPS 2025Flex-Judge: Text-Only Reasoning Unleashes Zero-Shot Multimodal Evaluators
93. NeurIPS 2025From Replication to Redesign: Exploring Pairwise Comparisons for LLM-Based Peer Review
94. NeurIPS 2025GPAS: Accelerating Convergence of LLM Pretraining via Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling
95. NeurIPS 2025HyGen: Efficient LLM Serving via Elastic Online-Offline Request Co-location
96. NeurIPS 2025KORGym: A Dynamic Game Platform for LLM Reasoning Evaluation
97. NeurIPS 2025Less is More: Improving LLM Alignment via Preference Data Selection
98. NeurIPS 2025Let the LLM Stick to Its Strengths: Learning to Route Economical LLM
99. NeurIPS 2025LiveCodeBench Pro: How Do Olympiad Medalists Judge LLMs in Competitive Programming?
100. NeurIPS 2025Lua-LLM: Learning Unstructured-Sparsity Allocation for Large Language Models

FAQ

How many LLM-as-Judge papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

401 in total: 8 in 2023, 48 in 2024, 126 in 2025, 219 in 2026.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 88 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 53 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 62 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 37 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 64 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 33 the year before.

How many LLM-as-Judge papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 5 LLM-as-Judge papers, versus 3 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most LLM-as-Judge papers?

NeurIPS, with 173 papers from 2023 to 2026.