General ML · evaluation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• General ML · evaluation went from 53 papers in 2023 to 230 in 2026, roughly 4.3x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most General ML · evaluation work: 270 papers from 2023 to 2026, 45% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 0 in 2023 to 47 in 2026.
• Among the 6 topics under General Machine Learning, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, General ML · reinforcement learning, is up 2.0x versus 4.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026AI Construct Lexis: An Ontology of the Hidden Assumptions in AI Evaluation
• ICML 2026A Computational Framework for Evaluating Human-likeness in LLMs' Open-ended Human Behaviors
• ICLR 2026Unlearning Evaluation through Subset Statistical Independence
• CVPR 2026Bridging the Perception Gap in Image Super-Resolution Evaluation
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Distraction: Probing LLM Contextual Robustness with Automated Tree Search
• ICML 2025AKRMap: Adaptive Kernel Regression for Trustworthy Visualization of Cross-Modal Embeddings
• ICLR 2025On Speeding Up Language Model Evaluation
• CVPR 2025ODE: Open-Set Evaluation of Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024Accuracy is Not All You Need
• ICML 2024A Fine-grained Analysis of Fitted Q-evaluation: Beyond Parametric Models
• ICLR 2024BatchPrompt: Accomplish more with less
• CVPR 2024Animating General Image with Large Visual Motion Model
• NeurIPS 2023AQuA: A Benchmarking Tool for Label Quality Assessment
• ICML 2023Regions of Reliability in the Evaluation of Multivariate Probabilistic Forecasts
• ICLR 2023Beyond calibration: estimating the grouping loss of modern neural networks
• CVPR 2023GeneCIS: A Benchmark for General Conditional Image Similarity
• NeurIPS 2026AMUSE: Anytime Muon with Stable Gradient Evaluation
• ICML 2026A Two-Tier Perspective on Inference-Time Parallelism in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
• ICLR 2026Choices Speak Louder than Questions
• CVPR 2026Towards Reliable Evaluation of Adversarial Robustness for Spiking Neural Networks

All General ML · evaluation papers

208 papers, page 4 of 5

151. NeurIPS 2025MJ-Video: Benchmarking and Rewarding Video Generation with Fine-Grained Video Preference
152. NeurIPS 2025MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models
153. NeurIPS 2025ModuLM: Enabling Modular and Multimodal Molecular Relational Learning with Large Language Models
154. NeurIPS 2025More of the Same: Persistent Representational Harms Under Increased Representation
155. NeurIPS 2025Multi-SWE-bench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Issue Resolving
156. NeurIPS 2025MUVR: A Multi-Modal Untrimmed Video Retrieval Benchmark with Multi-Level Visual Correspondence
157. NeurIPS 2025Neural Fractional Attention Differential Equations
158. NeurIPS 2025Non-rectangular Robust MDPs with Normed Uncertainty Sets
159. NeurIPS 2025nvBench 2.0: Resolving Ambiguity in Text-to-Visualization through Stepwise Reasoning
160. NeurIPS 2025On the Empirical Power of Goodness-of-Fit Tests in Watermark Detection
161. NeurIPS 2025On the Hardness of Conditional Independence Testing In Practice
162. NeurIPS 2025ORBIT - Open Recommendation Benchmark for Reproducible Research with Hidden Tests
163. NeurIPS 2025ORIGAMISPACE: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs in Multi-Step Spatial Reasoning with Mathematical Constraints
164. NeurIPS 2025PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies?
165. NeurIPS 2025Pessimistic Data Integration for Policy Evaluation
166. NeurIPS 2025QUT-DV25: A Dataset for Dynamic Analysis of Next-Gen Software Supply Chain Attacks
167. NeurIPS 2025RealMath: A Continuous Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models on Research-Level Mathematics
168. NeurIPS 2025Rethinking Verification for LLM Code Generation: From Generation to Testing
169. NeurIPS 2025Robust Regression of General ReLUs with Queries
170. NeurIPS 2025RvLLM: LLM Runtime Verification with Domain Knowledge
171. NeurIPS 2025Scalable Evaluation and Neural Models for Compositional Generalization
172. NeurIPS 2025SciArena: An Open Evaluation Platform for Non-Verifiable Scientific Literature-Grounded Tasks
173. NeurIPS 2025SEC-bench: Automated Benchmarking of LLM Agents on Real-World Software Security Tasks
174. NeurIPS 2025SHGR: A Generalized Maximal Correlation Coefficient
175. NeurIPS 2025Signal and Noise: A Framework for Reducing Uncertainty in Language Model Evaluation
176. NeurIPS 2025Silencer: From Discovery to Mitigation of Self-Bias in LLM-as-Benchmark-Generator
177. NeurIPS 2025Sloth: scaling laws for LLM skills to predict multi-benchmark performance across families
178. NeurIPS 2025Struct-Bench: A Benchmark for Differentially Private Structured Text Generation
179. NeurIPS 2025SuperGPQA: Scaling LLM Evaluation across 285 Graduate Disciplines
180. NeurIPS 2025SynTSBench: Rethinking Temporal Pattern Learning in Deep Learning Models for Time Series
181. NeurIPS 2025Tackling Biased Evaluators in Dueling Bandits
182. NeurIPS 2025The Impact of Coreset Selection on Spurious Correlations and Group Robustness
183. NeurIPS 2025The Leaderboard Illusion
184. NeurIPS 2025The Underappreciated Power of Vision Models for Graph Structural Understanding
185. NeurIPS 2025ThinkBench: Dynamic Out-of-Distribution Evaluation for Robust LLM Reasoning
186. NeurIPS 2025Thumb on the Scale: Optimal Loss Weighting in Last Layer Retraining
187. NeurIPS 2025Time Travel is Cheating: Going Live with DeepFund for Real-Time Fund Investment Benchmarking
188. NeurIPS 2025Time-IMM: A Dataset and Benchmark for Irregular Multimodal Multivariate Time Series
189. NeurIPS 2025Toward Real-world Text Image Forgery Localization: Structured and Interpretable Data Synthesis
190. NeurIPS 2025Towards a General Attention Framework on Gyrovector Spaces for Matrix Manifolds
191. NeurIPS 2025TPP-SD: Accelerating Transformer Point Process Sampling with Speculative Decoding
192. NeurIPS 2025Tree-Sliced Entropy Partial Transport
193. NeurIPS 2025TRoVe: Discovering Error-Inducing Static Feature Biases in Temporal Vision-Language Models
194. NeurIPS 2025Ultrametric Cluster Hierarchies: I Want ‘em All!
195. NeurIPS 2025Uncertainty Estimation by Flexible Evidential Deep Learning
196. NeurIPS 2025Unveiling the Learning Mind of Language Models: A Cognitive Framework and Empirical Study
197. NeurIPS 2025Valid Inference with Imperfect Synthetic Data
198. NeurIPS 2025Validating LLM-as-a-Judge Systems under Rating Indeterminacy
199. NeurIPS 2025VIBE: Annotation-Free Video-to-Text Information Bottleneck Evaluation for TL;DR
200. NeurIPS 2025Vision-and-Language Training Helps Deploy Taxonomic Knowledge but Does Not Fundamentally Alter It

FAQ

How many General ML · evaluation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

606 in total: 53 in 2023, 115 in 2024, 208 in 2025, 230 in 2026.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 57 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 124 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 19 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 19 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 148 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 58 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 6 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 7 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most General ML · evaluation papers?

NeurIPS, with 270 papers from 2023 to 2026.