General ML · evaluation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• General ML · evaluation went from 53 papers in 2023 to 230 in 2026, roughly 4.3x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most General ML · evaluation work: 270 papers from 2023 to 2026, 45% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 0 in 2023 to 47 in 2026.
• Among the 6 topics under General Machine Learning, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, General ML · reinforcement learning, is up 2.0x versus 4.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026AI Construct Lexis: An Ontology of the Hidden Assumptions in AI Evaluation
• ICML 2026A Computational Framework for Evaluating Human-likeness in LLMs' Open-ended Human Behaviors
• ICLR 2026Unlearning Evaluation through Subset Statistical Independence
• CVPR 2026Bridging the Perception Gap in Image Super-Resolution Evaluation
• NeurIPS 2025Adaptive Distraction: Probing LLM Contextual Robustness with Automated Tree Search
• ICML 2025AKRMap: Adaptive Kernel Regression for Trustworthy Visualization of Cross-Modal Embeddings
• ICLR 2025On Speeding Up Language Model Evaluation
• CVPR 2025ODE: Open-Set Evaluation of Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024Accuracy is Not All You Need
• ICML 2024A Fine-grained Analysis of Fitted Q-evaluation: Beyond Parametric Models
• ICLR 2024BatchPrompt: Accomplish more with less
• CVPR 2024Animating General Image with Large Visual Motion Model
• NeurIPS 2023AQuA: A Benchmarking Tool for Label Quality Assessment
• ICML 2023Regions of Reliability in the Evaluation of Multivariate Probabilistic Forecasts
• ICLR 2023Beyond calibration: estimating the grouping loss of modern neural networks
• CVPR 2023GeneCIS: A Benchmark for General Conditional Image Similarity
• NeurIPS 2026AMUSE: Anytime Muon with Stable Gradient Evaluation
• ICML 2026A Two-Tier Perspective on Inference-Time Parallelism in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
• ICLR 2026Choices Speak Louder than Questions
• CVPR 2026Towards Reliable Evaluation of Adversarial Robustness for Spiking Neural Networks

All General ML · evaluation papers

208 papers, page 3 of 5

101. NeurIPS 2025Beyond Accuracy: Dissecting Mathematical Reasoning for LLMs Under Reinforcement Learning
102. NeurIPS 2025Beyond the Surface: Enhancing LLM-as-a-Judge Alignment with Human via Internal Representations
103. NeurIPS 2025Breaking the Order Barrier: Off-Policy Evaluation for Confounded POMDPs
104. NeurIPS 2025Bridging Human and LLM Judgments: Understanding and Narrowing the Gap
105. NeurIPS 2025Broken Tokens? Your Language Model can Secretly Handle Non-Canonical Tokenizations
106. NeurIPS 2025Can Agent Fix Agent Issues?
107. NeurIPS 2025Can Large Language Models Master Complex Card Games?
108. NeurIPS 2025Can LLMs Outshine Conventional Recommenders? A Comparative Evaluation
109. NeurIPS 2025Clean First, Align Later: Benchmarking Preference Data Cleaning for Reliable LLM Alignment
110. NeurIPS 2025CodeAssistBench (CAB): Dataset & Benchmarking for Multi-turn Chat-Based Code Assistance
111. NeurIPS 2025CodeCrash: Exposing LLM Fragility to Misleading Natural Language in Code Reasoning
112. NeurIPS 2025Conformal Prediction Beyond the Horizon: Distribution-Free Inference for Policy Evaluation
113. NeurIPS 2025Correlation Dimension of Autoregressive Large Language Models
114. NeurIPS 2025Cross-modal Associations in Vision and Language Models: Revisiting the Bouba-Kiki Effect
115. NeurIPS 2025Cue3D: Quantifying the Role of Image Cues in Single-Image 3D Generation
116. NeurIPS 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learning
117. NeurIPS 2025Distributional LLM-as-a-Judge
118. NeurIPS 2025Do Automatic Factuality Metrics Measure Factuality? A Critical Evaluation
119. NeurIPS 2025EndoBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Multi-Modal Large Language Models for Endoscopy Analysis
120. NeurIPS 2025Enhancing GUI Agent with Uncertainty-Aware Self-Trained Evaluator
121. NeurIPS 2025Entropy-Calibrated Label Distribution Learning
122. NeurIPS 2025Establishing Best Practices in Building Rigorous Agentic Benchmarks
123. NeurIPS 2025EvaLearn: Quantifying the Learning Capability and Efficiency of LLMs via Sequential Problem Solving
124. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating Generalization Capabilities of LLM-Based Agents in Mixed-Motive Scenarios Using Concordia
125. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating multiple models using labeled and unlabeled data
126. NeurIPS 2025Evaluating the Inductive Abilities of Large Language Models: Why Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Sometimes Hurts More Than Helps
127. NeurIPS 2025EvoLM: In Search of Lost Language Model Training Dynamics
128. NeurIPS 2025Evolutionary Multi-View Classification via Eliminating Individual Fitness Bias
129. NeurIPS 2025Fantastic Bugs and Where to Find Them in AI Benchmarks
130. NeurIPS 2025FEEL: Quantifying Heterogeneity in Physiological Signals for Generalizable Emotion Recognition
131. NeurIPS 2025Finite-Sample Analysis of Policy Evaluation for Robust Average Reward Reinforcement Learning
132. NeurIPS 2025Fit the Distribution: Cross-Image/Prompt Adversarial Attacks on Multimodal Large Language Models
133. NeurIPS 2025Fixing It in Post: A Comparative Study of LLM Post-Training Data Quality and Model Performance
134. NeurIPS 2025Flatness is Necessary, Neural Collapse is Not: Rethinking Generalization via Grokking
135. NeurIPS 2025Fully Dynamic Algorithms for Chamfer Distance
136. NeurIPS 2025Grids Often Outperform Implicit Neural Representation at Compressing Dense Signals
137. NeurIPS 2025HARDMath2: A Benchmark for Applied Mathematics Built by Students as Part of a Graduate Class
138. NeurIPS 2025Hi3DEval: Advancing 3D Generation Evaluation with Hierarchical Validity
139. NeurIPS 2025How Benchmark Prediction from Fewer Data Misses the Mark
140. NeurIPS 2025How many measurements are enough? Bayesian recovery in inverse problems with general distributions
141. NeurIPS 2025ImageNet-trained CNNs are not biased towards texture: Revisiting feature reliance through controlled suppression
142. NeurIPS 2025KORGym: A Dynamic Game Platform for LLM Reasoning Evaluation
143. NeurIPS 2025KScope: A Framework for Characterizing the Knowledge Status of Language Models
144. NeurIPS 2025Latency NMS Attacks: Is It Real Life or Is It Just Fantasy?
145. NeurIPS 2025MARS-VFL: A Unified Benchmark for Vertical Federated Learning with Realistic Evaluation
146. NeurIPS 2025Martingale Score: An Unsupervised Metric for Bayesian Rationality in LLM Reasoning
147. NeurIPS 2025Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Tasks
148. NeurIPS 2025Measuring what Matters: Construct Validity in Large Language Model Benchmarks
149. NeurIPS 2025MemSim: A Bayesian Simulator for Evaluating Memory of LLM-based Personal Assistants
150. NeurIPS 2025MIRAGE: Assessing Hallucination in Multimodal Reasoning Chains of MLLM

FAQ

How many General ML · evaluation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

606 in total: 53 in 2023, 115 in 2024, 208 in 2025, 230 in 2026.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 57 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 124 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 19 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 19 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 148 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 58 the year before.

How many General ML · evaluation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 6 General ML · evaluation papers, versus 7 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most General ML · evaluation papers?

NeurIPS, with 270 papers from 2023 to 2026.