Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

404 papers, page 1 of 9

1. ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
2. ICML 2025A Hitchhiker's Guide to Scaling Law Estimation
3. ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
4. ICML 2025A Unified Approach to Routing and Cascading for LLMs
5. ICML 2025Accelerating Large Language Model Reasoning via Speculative Search
6. ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
7. ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback
8. ICML 2025Active Reward Modeling: Adaptive Preference Labeling for Large Language Model Alignment
9. ICML 2025AdaDecode: Accelerating LLM Decoding with Adaptive Layer Parallelism
10. ICML 2025Adapting While Learning: Grounding LLMs for Scientific Problems with Tool Usage Adaptation
11. ICML 2025Adaptive Localization of Knowledge Negation for Continual LLM Unlearning
12. ICML 2025AdaptiveStep: Automatically Dividing Reasoning Step through Model Confidence
13. ICML 2025Aligning LLMs by Predicting Preferences from User Writing Samples
14. ICML 2025Aligning with Logic: Measuring, Evaluating and Improving Logical Preference Consistency in Large Language Models
15. ICML 2025AlphaDPO: Adaptive Reward Margin for Direct Preference Optimization
16. ICML 2025AlphaPO: Reward Shape Matters for LLM Alignment
17. ICML 2025AlphaVerus: Bootstrapping Formally Verified Code Generation through Self-Improving Translation and Treefinement
18. ICML 2025AMPO: Active Multi Preference Optimization for Self-play Preference Selection
19. ICML 2025An Analysis for Reasoning Bias of Language Models with Small Initialization
20. ICML 2025An Architecture Search Framework for Inference-Time Techniques
21. ICML 2025An Efficient Pruner for Large Language Model with Theoretical Guarantee
22. ICML 2025An Interpretable N-gram Perplexity Threat Model for Large Language Model Jailbreaks
23. ICML 2025Analyze Feature Flow to Enhance Interpretation and Steering in Language Models
24. ICML 2025any4: Learned 4-bit Numeric Representation for LLMs
25. ICML 2025AnyEdit: Edit Any Knowledge Encoded in Language Models
26. ICML 2025Are LLMs Prescient? A Continuous Evaluation using Daily News as the Oracle
27. ICML 2025Attention Mechanisms Perspective: Exploring LLM Processing of Graph-Structured Data
28. ICML 2025AuPair: Golden Example Pairs for Code Repair
29. ICML 2025Automated Benchmark Generation for Repository-Level Coding Tasks
30. ICML 2025Automated Hypothesis Validation with Agentic Sequential Falsifications
31. ICML 2025Autonomy-of-Experts Models
32. ICML 2025BackSlash: Rate Constrained Optimized Training of Large Language Models
33. ICML 2025BanditSpec: Adaptive Speculative Decoding via Bandit Algorithms
34. ICML 2025Benchmarking Abstract and Reasoning Abilities Through A Theoretical Perspective
35. ICML 2025Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety
36. ICML 2025BEST-Route: Adaptive LLM Routing with Test-Time Optimal Compute
37. ICML 2025Beyond Zero Initialization: Investigating the Impact of Non-Zero Initialization on LoRA Fine-Tuning Dynamics
38. ICML 2025Binary Hypothesis Testing for Softmax Models and Leverage Score Models
39. ICML 2025BlockDialect: Block-wise Fine-grained Mixed Format Quantization for Energy-Efficient LLM Inference
40. ICML 2025Boosting Multi-Domain Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models through Evolving Interactions between Samples
41. ICML 2025Bounded Rationality for LLMs: Satisficing Alignment at Inference-Time
42. ICML 2025Bring Reason to Vision: Understanding Perception and Reasoning through Model Merging
43. ICML 2025BRiTE: Bootstrapping Reinforced Thinking Process to Enhance Language Model Reasoning
44. ICML 2025Cache Me If You Must: Adaptive Key-Value Quantization for Large Language Models
45. ICML 2025Calibrated Language Models and How to Find Them with Label Smoothing
46. ICML 2025Can Compressed LLMs Truly Act? An Empirical Evaluation of Agentic Capabilities in LLM Compression
47. ICML 2025Can Large Language Models Understand Intermediate Representations in Compilers?
48. ICML 2025Can MLLMs Reason in Multimodality? EMMA: An Enhanced MultiModal ReAsoning Benchmark
49. ICML 2025Can We Predict Performance of Large Models across Vision-Language Tasks?
50. ICML 2025Catch Your Emotion: Sharpening Emotion Perception in Multimodal Large Language Models

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.