Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

417 papers, page 9 of 9

401. ICML 2025Understanding the Skill Gap in Recurrent Language Models: The Role of the Gather-and-Aggregate Mechanism
402. ICML 2025Unlocking Post-hoc Dataset Inference with Synthetic Data
403. ICML 2025Unnatural Languages Are Not Bugs but Features for LLMs
404. ICML 2025VersaPRM: Multi-Domain Process Reward Model via Synthetic Reasoning Data
405. ICML 2025VinePPO: Refining Credit Assignment in RL Training of LLMs
406. ICML 2025Vulnerability-Aware Alignment: Mitigating Uneven Forgetting in Harmful Fine-Tuning
407. ICML 2025What Do Learning Dynamics Reveal About Generalization in LLM Mathematical Reasoning?
408. ICML 2025What Limits Bidirectional Model's Generative Capabilities? A Uni-Bi-Directional Mixture-of-Expert Method For Bidirectional Fine-tuning
409. ICML 2025What Makes In-context Learning Effective for Mathematical Reasoning
410. ICML 2025When Bad Data Leads to Good Models
411. ICML 2025Why Has Predicting Downstream Capabilities of Frontier AI Models with Scale Remained Elusive?
412. ICML 2025Why Is Spatial Reasoning Hard for VLMs? An Attention Mechanism Perspective on Focus Areas
413. ICML 2025WikiBigEdit: Understanding the Limits of Lifelong Knowledge Editing in LLMs
414. ICML 2025XAttention: Block Sparse Attention with Antidiagonal Scoring
415. ICML 2025xLSTM 7B: A Recurrent LLM for Fast and Efficient Inference
416. ICML 2025ZebraLogic: On the Scaling Limits of LLMs for Logical Reasoning
417. ICML 2025µnit Scaling: Simple and Scalable FP8 LLM Training

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.