Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

713 papers, page 9 of 15

401. NeurIPS 2023Easy Bayesian Transfer Learning with Informative Priors
402. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Adaptation of Large Vision Transformer via Adapter Re-Composing
403. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Batched Algorithm for Contextual Linear Bandits with Large Action Space via Soft Elimination
404. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Beam Tree Recursion
405. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Diffusion Policies For Offline Reinforcement Learning
406. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Equivariant Transfer Learning from Pretrained Models
407. NeurIPS 2023Efficiently incorporating quintuple interactions into geometric deep learning force fields
408. NeurIPS 2023EICIL: Joint Excitatory Inhibitory Cycle Iteration Learning for Deep Spiking Neural Networks
409. NeurIPS 2023EMBERSim: A Large-Scale Databank for Boosting Similarity Search in Malware Analysis
410. NeurIPS 2023Embroid: Unsupervised Prediction Smoothing Can Improve Few-Shot Classification
411. NeurIPS 2023Emergent and Predictable Memorization in Large Language Models
412. NeurIPS 2023EMMA-X: An EM-like Multilingual Pre-training Algorithm for Cross-lingual Representation Learning
413. NeurIPS 2023Enhancing CLIP with CLIP: Exploring Pseudolabeling for Limited-Label Prompt Tuning
414. NeurIPS 2023Epistemic Neural Networks
415. NeurIPS 2023Estimating Koopman operators with sketching to provably learn large scale dynamical systems
416. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating and Inducing Personality in Pre-trained Language Models
417. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating Cognitive Maps and Planning in Large Language Models with CogEval
418. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating Neuron Interpretation Methods of NLP Models
419. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating Open-QA Evaluation
420. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating the Moral Beliefs Encoded in LLMs
421. NeurIPS 2023Every Parameter Matters: Ensuring the Convergence of Federated Learning with Dynamic Heterogeneous Models Reduction
422. NeurIPS 2023EvoFed: Leveraging Evolutionary Strategies for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning
423. NeurIPS 2023EvoPrompting: Language Models for Code-Level Neural Architecture Search
424. NeurIPS 2023Exact Bayesian Inference on Discrete Models via Probability Generating Functions: A Probabilistic Programming Approach
425. NeurIPS 2023Explaining V1 Properties with a Biologically Constrained Deep Learning Architecture
426. NeurIPS 2023Exploiting Connections between Lipschitz Structures for Certifiably Robust Deep Equilibrium Models
427. NeurIPS 2023Exploring Question Decomposition for Zero-Shot VQA
428. NeurIPS 2023Exposing Attention Glitches with Flip-Flop Language Modeling
429. NeurIPS 2023Extracting Reward Functions from Diffusion Models
430. NeurIPS 2023Fairness-guided Few-shot Prompting for Large Language Models
431. NeurIPS 2023Faith and Fate: Limits of Transformers on Compositionality
432. NeurIPS 2023Fantastic Weights and How to Find Them: Where to Prune in Dynamic Sparse Training
433. NeurIPS 2023Fast Attention Over Long Sequences With Dynamic Sparse Flash Attention
434. NeurIPS 2023Fast Attention Requires Bounded Entries
435. NeurIPS 2023Feature-Learning Networks Are Consistent Across Widths At Realistic Scales
436. NeurIPS 2023Find What You Want: Learning Demand-conditioned Object Attribute Space for Demand-driven Navigation
437. NeurIPS 2023Fine-Grained Human Feedback Gives Better Rewards for Language Model Training
438. NeurIPS 2023Fine-Tuning Language Models with Just Forward Passes
439. NeurIPS 2023Flow: Per-instance Personalized Federated Learning
440. NeurIPS 2023FreeMask: Synthetic Images with Dense Annotations Make Stronger Segmentation Models
441. NeurIPS 2023From Cloze to Comprehension: Retrofitting Pre-trained Masked Language Models to Pre-trained Machine Reader
442. NeurIPS 2023Generating Images with Multimodal Language Models
443. NeurIPS 2023Generating QM1B with PySCF$_{\text{IPU}}$
444. NeurIPS 2023Geometric Transformer with Interatomic Positional Encoding
445. NeurIPS 2023Geometry-Aware Adaptation for Pretrained Models
446. NeurIPS 2023Geometry-Informed Neural Operator for Large-Scale 3D PDEs
447. NeurIPS 2023GEQ: Gaussian Kernel Inspired Equilibrium Models
448. NeurIPS 2023GIMLET: A Unified Graph-Text Model for Instruction-Based Molecule Zero-Shot Learning
449. NeurIPS 2023Global Optimality in Bivariate Gradient-based DAG Learning
450. NeurIPS 2023Goal Driven Discovery of Distributional Differences via Language Descriptions

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.