Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

713 papers, page 8 of 15

351. NeurIPS 2023Can Language Models Solve Graph Problems in Natural Language?
352. NeurIPS 2023Can Language Models Teach? Teacher Explanations Improve Student Performance via Personalization
353. NeurIPS 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLs
354. NeurIPS 2023Cappy: Outperforming and Boosting Large Multi-Task LMs with a Small Scorer
355. NeurIPS 2023CARE-MI: Chinese Benchmark for Misinformation Evaluation in Maternity and Infant Care
356. NeurIPS 2023Category-Extensible Out-of-Distribution Detection via Hierarchical Context Descriptions
357. NeurIPS 2023Chameleon: Plug-and-Play Compositional Reasoning with Large Language Models
358. NeurIPS 2023CHAMMI: A benchmark for channel-adaptive models in microscopy imaging
359. NeurIPS 2023Characterizing Out-of-Distribution Error via Optimal Transport
360. NeurIPS 2023Chatting Makes Perfect: Chat-based Image Retrieval
361. NeurIPS 2023Cheaply Estimating Inference Efficiency Metrics for Autoregressive Transformer Models
362. NeurIPS 2023CLadder: Assessing Causal Reasoning in Language Models
363. NeurIPS 2023ClimateSet: A Large-Scale Climate Model Dataset for Machine Learning
364. NeurIPS 2023Collaborative Alignment of NLP Models
365. NeurIPS 2023CoLLAT: On Adding Fine-grained Audio Understanding to Language Models using Token-Level Locked-Language Tuning
366. NeurIPS 2023ComSL: A Composite Speech-Language Model for End-to-End Speech-to-Text Translation
367. NeurIPS 2023Conditional Adapters: Parameter-efficient Transfer Learning with Fast Inference
368. NeurIPS 2023Connecting Pre-trained Language Model and Downstream Task via Properties of Representation
369. NeurIPS 2023Continual Learning for Instruction Following from Realtime Feedback
370. NeurIPS 2023Coop: Memory is not a Commodity
371. NeurIPS 2023Counterfactual Generation with Identifiability Guarantees
372. NeurIPS 2023Counterfactual Memorization in Neural Language Models
373. NeurIPS 2023Coupled Reconstruction of Cortical Surfaces by Diffeomorphic Mesh Deformation
374. NeurIPS 2023Cross-modal Prompts: Adapting Large Pre-trained Models for Audio-Visual Downstream Tasks
375. NeurIPS 2023Curve Your Enthusiasm: Concurvity Regularization in Differentiable Generalized Additive Models
376. NeurIPS 2023CWCL: Cross-Modal Transfer with Continuously Weighted Contrastive Loss
377. NeurIPS 2023D4: Improving LLM Pretraining via Document De-Duplication and Diversification
378. NeurIPS 2023DAC-DETR: Divide the Attention Layers and Conquer
379. NeurIPS 2023Data Augmentations for Improved (Large) Language Model Generalization
380. NeurIPS 2023Deductive Verification of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
381. NeurIPS 2023Deep Optimal Transport: A Practical Algorithm for Photo-realistic Image Restoration
382. NeurIPS 2023Deep Patch Visual Odometry
383. NeurIPS 2023Deep Stochastic Processes via Functional Markov Transition Operators
384. NeurIPS 2023Defending Pre-trained Language Models as Few-shot Learners against Backdoor Attacks
385. NeurIPS 2023Demo2Code: From Summarizing Demonstrations to Synthesizing Code via Extended Chain-of-Thought
386. NeurIPS 2023Dense and Aligned Captions (DAC) Promote Compositional Reasoning in VL Models
387. NeurIPS 2023DesCo: Learning Object Recognition with Rich Language Descriptions
388. NeurIPS 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with LLMs Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents
389. NeurIPS 2023Designing Robust Transformers using Robust Kernel Density Estimation
390. NeurIPS 2023Differentiable Random Partition Models
391. NeurIPS 2023Differentially Private Image Classification by Learning Priors from Random Processes
392. NeurIPS 2023DiffInfinite: Large Mask-Image Synthesis via Parallel Random Patch Diffusion in Histopathology
393. NeurIPS 2023DiffUTE: Universal Text Editing Diffusion Model
394. NeurIPS 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
395. NeurIPS 2023DISCO-10M: A Large-Scale Music Dataset
396. NeurIPS 2023Discovering Hierarchical Achievements in Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Learning
397. NeurIPS 2023Distilling Out-of-Distribution Robustness from Vision-Language Foundation Models
398. NeurIPS 2023Distributed Inference and Fine-tuning of Large Language Models Over The Internet
399. NeurIPS 2023Distributional Model Equivalence for Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning
400. NeurIPS 2023Does Localization Inform Editing? Surprising Differences in Causality-Based Localization vs. Knowledge Editing in Language Models

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.