Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

2,334 papers, page 7 of 47

301. ICML 2026EchoingPixels: Aliasing-Resistant Joint Token Reduction for Audio-Visual LLMs
302. ICML 2026EchoRL: Reinforcement Learning via Rollout Echoing
303. ICML 2026ECO: Quantized Training without Full-Precision Master Weights
304. ICML 2026EDCO: Dynamic Curriculum Orchestration for Domain-specific Large Language Model Fine-tuning
305. ICML 2026Edit-Based Refinement for Parallel Masked Diffusion Language Models
306. ICML 2026Effective Distillation to Hybrid xLSTM Architectures
307. ICML 2026Effective MoE-based LLM Compression by Exploiting Heterogeneous Inter-Group Experts Routing Frequency and Information Density
308. ICML 2026Effective Reasoning Chains Reduce Intrinsic Dimensionality
309. ICML 2026Efficient Hallucination Detection for LLMs Using Uncertainty-Aware Attention Heads
310. ICML 2026Efficient Multi-round LLM Inference over Disaggregated Serving
311. ICML 2026Efficient numeracy in language models through single-token number embeddings
312. ICML 2026Efficient RL Training for LLMs with Experience Replay
313. ICML 2026Efficient Training-Free Multi-Token Prediction via Embedding-Space Probing
314. ICML 2026Efficient-DLM: From Autoregressive to Diffusion Language Models, and Beyond in Speed
315. ICML 2026Elastic Attention: Test-time Adaptive Sparsity Ratios for Efficient Transformers
316. ICML 2026Embodied Task Planning via Graph-Informed Action Generation with Large Language Models
317. ICML 2026Empty Shelves or Lost Keys? Recall Is the Bottleneck for Parametric Factuality
318. ICML 2026Endogenous Resistance to Activation Steering in Language Models
319. ICML 2026EngiAgent: Fully Connected Coordination of LLM Agents for Solving Open-ended Engineering Problems with Feasible Solutions
320. ICML 2026Enhancing Numerical Prediction in LLMs via Smooth MMD Alignment
321. ICML 2026EntroKV: Entropy-Guided Dynamic Budget Allocation for KV-Cache Compression
322. ICML 2026Entropy-Aware On-Policy Distillation of Language Models
323. ICML 2026Entropy-aware Span-Constrained Optimal Transport for Robust Cross-Tokenizer Knowledge Distillation
324. ICML 2026Entropy-informed Decoding: Adaptive Information-Driven Branching
325. ICML 2026EpiCache: Episodic KV Cache Management for Long-Term Conversation on Resource-Constrained Environments
326. ICML 2026Escaping Mode Collapse in LLM Generation via Geometric Regulation
327. ICML 2026Escaping the Likelihood Trap: Geometric Diversity Optimization for Long-Form Image Captioning
328. ICML 2026Escaping the Mode: Multi-Answer Reinforcement Learning in LMs
329. ICML 2026Escaping the Subspace Trap: The Role of Optimizer Geometry in Model Width Expansion
330. ICML 2026Esoteric Language Models: A Family of Any-Order Diffusion LLMs
331. ICML 2026Evaluating and Explaining Prompt Sensitivity of LLMs Using Interactions
332. ICML 2026Evaluating Relational Reasoning in LLMs with REL
333. ICML 2026EvoGM: Learning to Merge LLMs via Evolutionary Generative Optimization
334. ICML 2026Evolving Interdependent Operators with Large Language Models for Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization
335. ICML 2026EvoMAS: Evolutionary Generation of Multi-Agent Systems
336. ICML 2026ExCyTIn-Bench: Evaluating LLM agents on Cyber Threat Investigation
337. ICML 2026Executable Agentic Memory for GUI Agent
338. ICML 2026Expanding the Capabilities of Reinforcement Learning via Text Feedback
339. ICML 2026Experience Augmented Policy Optimization for LLM Reasoning
340. ICML 2026Experience is the Best Teacher: Motivating Effective Exploration in Reinforcement Learning for LLMs
341. ICML 2026Experience-Evolving Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agent with Hybrid Episodic–Procedural Memory
342. ICML 2026ExpertWeaver: Unlocking the Inherent MoE in Dense LLMs with GLU Activation Patterns
343. ICML 2026Exploring and Exploiting Stability in Latent Flow Matching
344. ICML 2026Exposing Vulnerabilities in Explanation for Time Series Classifiers via Dual-Target Attacks
345. ICML 2026ExpWeaver: LLM Agents Learn from Experience via Latent RAG
346. ICML 2026Factored Causal Representation Learning for Robust Reward Modeling in RLHF
347. ICML 2026Factored Gossip DiLoCo: Reducing Blocking Communication within DiLoCo
348. ICML 2026Facts in Stats: Impacts of Pretraining Diversity on Language Model Generalization
349. ICML 2026FAIR-Calib: Frontier-Aware Instability-Reweighted Calibration for Post-Training Quantization of Diffusion Large Language Models
350. ICML 2026FairJudge : An Adaptive, Debiased, and Consistent LLM-as-a-Judge

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.