Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

2,334 papers, page 41 of 47

2001. NeurIPS 2023Deductive Verification of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
2002. NeurIPS 2023Deep Optimal Transport: A Practical Algorithm for Photo-realistic Image Restoration
2003. NeurIPS 2023Deep Patch Visual Odometry
2004. NeurIPS 2023Deep Stochastic Processes via Functional Markov Transition Operators
2005. NeurIPS 2023Defending Pre-trained Language Models as Few-shot Learners against Backdoor Attacks
2006. NeurIPS 2023Demo2Code: From Summarizing Demonstrations to Synthesizing Code via Extended Chain-of-Thought
2007. NeurIPS 2023Dense and Aligned Captions (DAC) Promote Compositional Reasoning in VL Models
2008. NeurIPS 2023DesCo: Learning Object Recognition with Rich Language Descriptions
2009. NeurIPS 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with LLMs Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents
2010. NeurIPS 2023Designing Robust Transformers using Robust Kernel Density Estimation
2011. NeurIPS 2023Differentiable Random Partition Models
2012. NeurIPS 2023Differentially Private Image Classification by Learning Priors from Random Processes
2013. NeurIPS 2023DiffInfinite: Large Mask-Image Synthesis via Parallel Random Patch Diffusion in Histopathology
2014. NeurIPS 2023DiffUTE: Universal Text Editing Diffusion Model
2015. NeurIPS 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
2016. NeurIPS 2023DISCO-10M: A Large-Scale Music Dataset
2017. NeurIPS 2023Discovering Hierarchical Achievements in Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Learning
2018. NeurIPS 2023Distilling Out-of-Distribution Robustness from Vision-Language Foundation Models
2019. NeurIPS 2023Distributed Inference and Fine-tuning of Large Language Models Over The Internet
2020. NeurIPS 2023Distributional Model Equivalence for Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning
2021. NeurIPS 2023Does Localization Inform Editing? Surprising Differences in Causality-Based Localization vs. Knowledge Editing in Language Models
2022. NeurIPS 2023Easy Bayesian Transfer Learning with Informative Priors
2023. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Adaptation of Large Vision Transformer via Adapter Re-Composing
2024. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Batched Algorithm for Contextual Linear Bandits with Large Action Space via Soft Elimination
2025. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Beam Tree Recursion
2026. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Diffusion Policies For Offline Reinforcement Learning
2027. NeurIPS 2023Efficient Equivariant Transfer Learning from Pretrained Models
2028. NeurIPS 2023Efficiently incorporating quintuple interactions into geometric deep learning force fields
2029. NeurIPS 2023EICIL: Joint Excitatory Inhibitory Cycle Iteration Learning for Deep Spiking Neural Networks
2030. NeurIPS 2023EMBERSim: A Large-Scale Databank for Boosting Similarity Search in Malware Analysis
2031. NeurIPS 2023Embroid: Unsupervised Prediction Smoothing Can Improve Few-Shot Classification
2032. NeurIPS 2023Emergent and Predictable Memorization in Large Language Models
2033. NeurIPS 2023EMMA-X: An EM-like Multilingual Pre-training Algorithm for Cross-lingual Representation Learning
2034. NeurIPS 2023Enhancing CLIP with CLIP: Exploring Pseudolabeling for Limited-Label Prompt Tuning
2035. NeurIPS 2023Epistemic Neural Networks
2036. NeurIPS 2023Estimating Koopman operators with sketching to provably learn large scale dynamical systems
2037. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating and Inducing Personality in Pre-trained Language Models
2038. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating Cognitive Maps and Planning in Large Language Models with CogEval
2039. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating Neuron Interpretation Methods of NLP Models
2040. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating Open-QA Evaluation
2041. NeurIPS 2023Evaluating the Moral Beliefs Encoded in LLMs
2042. NeurIPS 2023Every Parameter Matters: Ensuring the Convergence of Federated Learning with Dynamic Heterogeneous Models Reduction
2043. NeurIPS 2023EvoFed: Leveraging Evolutionary Strategies for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning
2044. NeurIPS 2023EvoPrompting: Language Models for Code-Level Neural Architecture Search
2045. NeurIPS 2023Exact Bayesian Inference on Discrete Models via Probability Generating Functions: A Probabilistic Programming Approach
2046. NeurIPS 2023Explaining V1 Properties with a Biologically Constrained Deep Learning Architecture
2047. NeurIPS 2023Exploiting Connections between Lipschitz Structures for Certifiably Robust Deep Equilibrium Models
2048. NeurIPS 2023Exploring Question Decomposition for Zero-Shot VQA
2049. NeurIPS 2023Exposing Attention Glitches with Flip-Flop Language Modeling
2050. NeurIPS 2023Extracting Reward Functions from Diffusion Models

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.