Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

417 papers, page 4 of 9

151. ICML 2025Graph-constrained Reasoning: Faithful Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models
152. ICML 2025Gravity-Bench-v1: A Benchmark on Gravitational Physics Discovery for Agents
153. ICML 2025Great Models Think Alike and this Undermines AI Oversight
154. ICML 2025Grokking in the Wild: Data Augmentation for Real-World Multi-Hop Reasoning with Transformers
155. ICML 2025GRU: Mitigating the Trade-off between Unlearning and Retention for LLMs
156. ICML 2025GuardAgent: Safeguard LLM Agents via Knowledge-Enabled Reasoning
157. ICML 2025Guided Search Strategies in Non-Serializable Environments with Applications to Software Engineering Agents
158. ICML 2025GuidedQuant: Large Language Model Quantization via Exploiting End Loss Guidance
159. ICML 2025Gumiho: A Hybrid Architecture to Prioritize Early Tokens in Speculative Decoding
160. ICML 2025HaploVL: A Single-Transformer Baseline for Multi-Modal Understanding
161. ICML 2025Heads up! Large Language Models Can Perform Tasks Without Your Instruction via Selective Attention Head Masking
162. ICML 2025Hidden No More: Attacking and Defending Private Third-Party LLM Inference
163. ICML 2025How Contaminated Is Your Benchmark? Measuring Dataset Leakage in Large Language Models with Kernel Divergence
164. ICML 2025How Much Can We Forget about Data Contamination?
165. ICML 2025HPS: Hard Preference Sampling for Human Preference Alignment
166. ICML 2025Hyperband-based Bayesian Optimization for Black-box Prompt Selection
167. ICML 2025HyperTree Planning: Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Hierarchical Thinking
168. ICML 2025Hypo3D: Exploring Hypothetical Reasoning in 3D
169. ICML 2025IBCircuit: Towards Holistic Circuit Discovery with Information Bottleneck
170. ICML 2025Idiosyncrasies in Large Language Models
171. ICML 2025Imagine While Reasoning in Space: Multimodal Visualization-of-Thought
172. ICML 2025Improving Diversity in Language Models: When Temperature Fails, Change the Loss
173. ICML 2025Improving Model Alignment Through Collective Intelligence of Open-Source Models
174. ICML 2025Improving Parallel Program Performance with LLM Optimizers via Agent-System Interfaces
175. ICML 2025Improving Rationality in the Reasoning Process of Language Models through Self-playing Game
176. ICML 2025Improving Your Model Ranking on Chatbot Arena by Vote Rigging
177. ICML 2025Independence Tests for Language Models
178. ICML 2025InfAlign: Inference-aware language model alignment
179. ICML 2025Inference-Time Decomposition of Activations (ITDA): A Scalable Approach to Interpreting Large Language Models
180. ICML 2025Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models
181. ICML 2025Interpreting the Repeated Token Phenomenon in Large Language Models
182. ICML 2025Invariance Makes LLM Unlearning Resilient Even to Unanticipated Downstream Fine-Tuning
183. ICML 2025Investigating Non-Transitivity in LLM-as-a-Judge
184. ICML 2025Iterative Vectors: In-Context Gradient Steering without Backpropagation
185. ICML 2025Joint Localization and Activation Editing for Low-Resource Fine-Tuning
186. ICML 2025KABB: Knowledge-Aware Bayesian Bandits for Dynamic Expert Coordination in Multi-Agent Systems
187. ICML 2025KV Shifting Attention Enhances Language Modeling
188. ICML 2025KVTuner: Sensitivity-Aware Layer-Wise Mixed-Precision KV Cache Quantization for Efficient and Nearly Lossless LLM Inference
189. ICML 2025La RoSA: Enhancing LLM Efficiency via Layerwise Rotated Sparse Activation
190. ICML 2025Ladder-Residual: Parallelism-Aware Architecture for Accelerating Large Model Inference with Communication Overlapping
191. ICML 2025Language Models May Verbatim Complete Text They Were Not Explicitly Trained On
192. ICML 2025Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings
193. ICML 2025Large Language Models are Demonstration Pre-Selectors for Themselves
194. ICML 2025Large Language Models to Diffusion Finetuning
195. ICML 2025Larger or Smaller Reward Margins to Select Preferences for LLM Alignment?
196. ICML 2025Layer by Layer: Uncovering Hidden Representations in Language Models
197. ICML 2025Learning Distribution-wise Control in Representation Space for Language Models
198. ICML 2025Learning Dynamics in Continual Pre-Training for Large Language Models
199. ICML 2025Learning Safety Constraints for Large Language Models
200. ICML 2025Learning to Keep a Promise: Scaling Language Model Decoding Parallelism with Learned Asynchronous Decoding

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.