Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

2,334 papers, page 39 of 47

1901. ICML 2023POUF: Prompt-Oriented Unsupervised Fine-tuning for Large Pre-trained Models
1902. ICML 2023Pretraining Language Models with Human Preferences
1903. ICML 2023QASA: Advanced Question Answering on Scientific Articles
1904. ICML 2023Regularizing Towards Soft Equivariance Under Mixed Symmetries
1905. ICML 2023SAM operates far from home: eigenvalue regularization as a dynamical phenomenon
1906. ICML 2023Same Pre-training Loss, Better Downstream: Implicit Bias Matters for Language Models
1907. ICML 2023Searching Large Neighborhoods for Integer Linear Programs with Contrastive Learning
1908. ICML 2023Self-supervised learning of Split Invariant Equivariant representations
1909. ICML 2023SGD with Large Step Sizes Learns Sparse Features
1910. ICML 2023Solving High-Dimensional PDEs with Latent Spectral Models
1911. ICML 2023Special Properties of Gradient Descent with Large Learning Rates
1912. ICML 2023Structure-informed Language Models Are Protein Designers
1913. ICML 2023Towards Sustainable Learning: Coresets for Data-efficient Deep Learning
1914. ICML 2023Tractable Control for Autoregressive Language Generation
1915. ICML 2023Trompt: Towards a Better Deep Neural Network for Tabular Data
1916. ICML 2023Understanding the Distillation Process from Deep Generative Models to Tractable Probabilistic Circuits
1917. ICML 2023When Sparsity Meets Contrastive Models: Less Graph Data Can Bring Better Class-Balanced Representations
1918. ICML 2023Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?
1919. ICML 2023Why do Nearest Neighbor Language Models Work?
1920. NeurIPS 2023[Re] CrossWalk: Fairness-enhanced Node Representation Learning
1921. NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
1922. NeurIPS 2023A Computationally Efficient Sparsified Online Newton Method
1923. NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
1924. NeurIPS 2023A Path to Simpler Models Starts With Noise
1925. NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
1926. NeurIPS 2023A Scalable Neural Network for DSIC Affine Maximizer Auction Design
1927. NeurIPS 2023Active Learning-Based Species Range Estimation
1928. NeurIPS 2023AdANNS: A Framework for Adaptive Semantic Search
1929. NeurIPS 2023ADGym: Design Choices for Deep Anomaly Detection
1930. NeurIPS 2023Aging with GRACE: Lifelong Model Editing with Discrete Key-Value Adaptors
1931. NeurIPS 2023Agnostically Learning Single-Index Models using Omnipredictors
1932. NeurIPS 2023AI for Interpretable Chemistry: Predicting Radical Mechanistic Pathways via Contrastive Learning
1933. NeurIPS 2023AircraftVerse: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset of Aerial Vehicle Designs
1934. NeurIPS 2023ALGO: Synthesizing Algorithmic Programs with Generated Oracle Verifiers
1935. NeurIPS 2023Align Your Prompts: Test-Time Prompting with Distribution Alignment for Zero-Shot Generalization
1936. NeurIPS 2023Aligning Language Models with Human Preferences via a Bayesian Approach
1937. NeurIPS 2023AlpacaFarm: A Simulation Framework for Methods that Learn from Human Feedback
1938. NeurIPS 2023AmadeusGPT: a natural language interface for interactive animal behavioral analysis
1939. NeurIPS 2023American Stories: A Large-Scale Structured Text Dataset of Historical U.S. Newspapers
1940. NeurIPS 2023An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Pre-training in Lifelong Learning
1941. NeurIPS 2023An Information-Theoretic Evaluation of Generative Models in Learning Multi-modal Distributions
1942. NeurIPS 2023ANPL: Towards Natural Programming with Interactive Decomposition
1943. NeurIPS 2023Are aligned neural networks adversarially aligned?
1944. NeurIPS 2023Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?
1945. NeurIPS 2023ASIF: Coupled Data Turns Unimodal Models to Multimodal without Training
1946. NeurIPS 2023ATMAN: Understanding Transformer Predictions Through Memory Efficient Attention Manipulation
1947. NeurIPS 2023Augmenting Language Models with Long-Term Memory
1948. NeurIPS 2023Automatic Clipping: Differentially Private Deep Learning Made Easier and Stronger
1949. NeurIPS 2023AVIDa-hIL6: A Large-Scale VHH Dataset Produced from an Immunized Alpaca for Predicting Antigen-Antibody Interactions
1950. NeurIPS 2023AVIS: Autonomous Visual Information Seeking with Large Language Model Agent

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.