Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

488 papers, page 3 of 10

101. NeurIPS 2023Augmenting Language Models with Long-Term Memory
102. NeurIPS 2023Automatic Clipping: Differentially Private Deep Learning Made Easier and Stronger
103. NeurIPS 2023AVIDa-hIL6: A Large-Scale VHH Dataset Produced from an Immunized Alpaca for Predicting Antigen-Antibody Interactions
104. NeurIPS 2023AVIS: Autonomous Visual Information Seeking with Large Language Model Agent
105. NeurIPS 2023Banana: Banach Fixed-Point Network for Pointcloud Segmentation with Inter-Part Equivariance
106. NeurIPS 2023Battle of the Backbones: A Large-Scale Comparison of Pretrained Models across Computer Vision Tasks
107. NeurIPS 2023BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference Dataset
108. NeurIPS 2023Benchmarking Foundation Models with Language-Model-as-an-Examiner
109. NeurIPS 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models on CMExam - A comprehensive Chinese Medical Exam Dataset
110. NeurIPS 2023BERT Lost Patience Won't Be Robust to Adversarial Slowdown
111. NeurIPS 2023Best Arm Identification with Fixed Budget: A Large Deviation Perspective
112. NeurIPS 2023Better Correlation and Robustness: A Distribution-Balanced Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Automatic Dialogue Evaluation
113. NeurIPS 2023Beyond Confidence: Reliable Models Should Also Consider Atypicality
114. NeurIPS 2023BiMatting: Efficient Video Matting via Binarization
115. NeurIPS 2023BIOT: Biosignal Transformer for Cross-data Learning in the Wild
116. NeurIPS 2023Birth of a Transformer: A Memory Viewpoint
117. NeurIPS 2023Block-State Transformers
118. NeurIPS 2023Blockwise Parallel Transformers for Large Context Models
119. NeurIPS 2023BoardgameQA: A Dataset for Natural Language Reasoning with Contradictory Information
120. NeurIPS 2023Boosting Verification of Deep Reinforcement Learning via Piece-Wise Linear Decision Neural Networks
121. NeurIPS 2023Bootstrapping Vision-Language Learning with Decoupled Language Pre-training
122. NeurIPS 2023Bottleneck Structure in Learned Features: Low-Dimension vs Regularity Tradeoff
123. NeurIPS 2023Boundary Guided Learning-Free Semantic Control with Diffusion Models
124. NeurIPS 2023Brain Diffusion for Visual Exploration: Cortical Discovery using Large Scale Generative Models
125. NeurIPS 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society
126. NeurIPS 2023Can Language Models Solve Graph Problems in Natural Language?
127. NeurIPS 2023Can Language Models Teach? Teacher Explanations Improve Student Performance via Personalization
128. NeurIPS 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLs
129. NeurIPS 2023Cappy: Outperforming and Boosting Large Multi-Task LMs with a Small Scorer
130. NeurIPS 2023CARE-MI: Chinese Benchmark for Misinformation Evaluation in Maternity and Infant Care
131. NeurIPS 2023Category-Extensible Out-of-Distribution Detection via Hierarchical Context Descriptions
132. NeurIPS 2023Chameleon: Plug-and-Play Compositional Reasoning with Large Language Models
133. NeurIPS 2023CHAMMI: A benchmark for channel-adaptive models in microscopy imaging
134. NeurIPS 2023Characterizing Out-of-Distribution Error via Optimal Transport
135. NeurIPS 2023Chatting Makes Perfect: Chat-based Image Retrieval
136. NeurIPS 2023Cheaply Estimating Inference Efficiency Metrics for Autoregressive Transformer Models
137. NeurIPS 2023CLadder: Assessing Causal Reasoning in Language Models
138. NeurIPS 2023ClimateSet: A Large-Scale Climate Model Dataset for Machine Learning
139. NeurIPS 2023Collaborative Alignment of NLP Models
140. NeurIPS 2023CoLLAT: On Adding Fine-grained Audio Understanding to Language Models using Token-Level Locked-Language Tuning
141. NeurIPS 2023ComSL: A Composite Speech-Language Model for End-to-End Speech-to-Text Translation
142. NeurIPS 2023Conditional Adapters: Parameter-efficient Transfer Learning with Fast Inference
143. NeurIPS 2023Connecting Pre-trained Language Model and Downstream Task via Properties of Representation
144. NeurIPS 2023Continual Learning for Instruction Following from Realtime Feedback
145. NeurIPS 2023Coop: Memory is not a Commodity
146. NeurIPS 2023Counterfactual Generation with Identifiability Guarantees
147. NeurIPS 2023Counterfactual Memorization in Neural Language Models
148. NeurIPS 2023Coupled Reconstruction of Cortical Surfaces by Diffeomorphic Mesh Deformation
149. NeurIPS 2023Cross-modal Prompts: Adapting Large Pre-trained Models for Audio-Visual Downstream Tasks
150. NeurIPS 2023Curve Your Enthusiasm: Concurvity Regularization in Differentiable Generalized Additive Models

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.