Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

404 papers, page 3 of 9

101. ICML 2025Emergent Response Planning in LLMs
102. ICML 2025Emergent Symbolic Mechanisms Support Abstract Reasoning in Large Language Models
103. ICML 2025Energy-Based Preference Model Offers Better Offline Alignment than the Bradley-Terry Preference Model
104. ICML 2025Enhancing Decision-Making of Large Language Models via Actor-Critic
105. ICML 2025EpiCoder: Encompassing Diversity and Complexity in Code Generation
106. ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators
107. ICML 2025Evaluating LLMs Across Multi-Cognitive Levels: From Medical Knowledge Mastery to Scenario-Based Problem Solving
108. ICML 2025Everything Everywhere All at Once: LLMs can In-Context Learn Multiple Tasks in Superposition
109. ICML 2025EVOLvE: Evaluating and Optimizing LLMs For In-Context Exploration
110. ICML 2025Evolving Prompts In-Context: An Open-ended, Self-replicating Perspective
111. ICML 2025EvoPress: Accurate Dynamic Model Compression via Evolutionary Search
112. ICML 2025Explicit Preference Optimization: No Need for an Implicit Reward Model
113. ICML 2025Exploiting Presentative Feature Distributions for Parameter-Efficient Continual Learning of Large Language Models
114. ICML 2025FactTest: Factuality Testing in Large Language Models with Finite-Sample and Distribution-Free Guarantees
115. ICML 2025Fast Large Language Model Collaborative Decoding via Speculation
116. ICML 2025Federated In-Context Learning: Iterative Refinement for Improved Answer Quality
117. ICML 2025FedPHA: Federated Prompt Learning for Heterogeneous Client Adaptation
118. ICML 2025Ferret: Federated Full-Parameter Tuning at Scale for Large Language Models
119. ICML 2025FlatQuant: Flatness Matters for LLM Quantization
120. ICML 2025FlipAttack: Jailbreak LLMs via Flipping
121. ICML 2025FloE: On-the-Fly MoE Inference on Memory-constrained GPU
122. ICML 2025Flow-of-Options: Diversified and Improved LLM Reasoning by Thinking Through Options
123. ICML 2025Focus On This, Not That! Steering LLMs with Adaptive Feature Specification
124. ICML 2025Forest-of-Thought: Scaling Test-Time Compute for Enhancing LLM Reasoning
125. ICML 2025Fourier Position Embedding: Enhancing Attention’s Periodic Extension for Length Generalization
126. ICML 2025Fragments to Facts: Partial-Information Fragment Inference from LLMs
127. ICML 2025Free Process Rewards without Process Labels
128. ICML 2025From Debate to Equilibrium: Belief‑Driven Multi‑Agent LLM Reasoning via Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
129. ICML 2025From Language Models over Tokens to Language Models over Characters
130. ICML 2025From Passive to Active Reasoning: Can Large Language Models Ask the Right Questions under Incomplete Information?
131. ICML 2025From RAG to Memory: Non-Parametric Continual Learning for Large Language Models
132. ICML 2025FunBO: Discovering Acquisition Functions for Bayesian Optimization with FunSearch
133. ICML 2025Function-to-Style Guidance of LLMs for Code Translation
134. ICML 2025GANQ: GPU-Adaptive Non-Uniform Quantization for Large Language Models
135. ICML 2025Generalists vs. Specialists: Evaluating LLMs on Highly-Constrained Biophysical Sequence Optimization Tasks
136. ICML 2025Generalizing from SIMPLE to HARD Visual Reasoning: Can We Mitigate Modality Imbalance in VLMs?
137. ICML 2025GRAM: A Generative Foundation Reward Model for Reward Generalization
138. ICML 2025Graph-constrained Reasoning: Faithful Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models
139. ICML 2025Gravity-Bench-v1: A Benchmark on Gravitational Physics Discovery for Agents
140. ICML 2025Great Models Think Alike and this Undermines AI Oversight
141. ICML 2025Grokking in the Wild: Data Augmentation for Real-World Multi-Hop Reasoning with Transformers
142. ICML 2025GRU: Mitigating the Trade-off between Unlearning and Retention for LLMs
143. ICML 2025GuardAgent: Safeguard LLM Agents via Knowledge-Enabled Reasoning
144. ICML 2025Guided Search Strategies in Non-Serializable Environments with Applications to Software Engineering Agents
145. ICML 2025GuidedQuant: Large Language Model Quantization via Exploiting End Loss Guidance
146. ICML 2025Gumiho: A Hybrid Architecture to Prioritize Early Tokens in Speculative Decoding
147. ICML 2025HaploVL: A Single-Transformer Baseline for Multi-Modal Understanding
148. ICML 2025Heads up! Large Language Models Can Perform Tasks Without Your Instruction via Selective Attention Head Masking
149. ICML 2025Hidden No More: Attacking and Defending Private Third-Party LLM Inference
150. ICML 2025How Contaminated Is Your Benchmark? Measuring Dataset Leakage in Large Language Models with Kernel Divergence

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.