Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

1,608 papers, page 26 of 33

1251. ICML 2025FlipAttack: Jailbreak LLMs via Flipping
1252. ICML 2025FloE: On-the-Fly MoE Inference on Memory-constrained GPU
1253. ICML 2025Flow-of-Options: Diversified and Improved LLM Reasoning by Thinking Through Options
1254. ICML 2025Focus On This, Not That! Steering LLMs with Adaptive Feature Specification
1255. ICML 2025Forest-of-Thought: Scaling Test-Time Compute for Enhancing LLM Reasoning
1256. ICML 2025Fourier Position Embedding: Enhancing Attention’s Periodic Extension for Length Generalization
1257. ICML 2025Fragments to Facts: Partial-Information Fragment Inference from LLMs
1258. ICML 2025Free Process Rewards without Process Labels
1259. ICML 2025From Debate to Equilibrium: Belief‑Driven Multi‑Agent LLM Reasoning via Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
1260. ICML 2025From Language Models over Tokens to Language Models over Characters
1261. ICML 2025From Passive to Active Reasoning: Can Large Language Models Ask the Right Questions under Incomplete Information?
1262. ICML 2025From RAG to Memory: Non-Parametric Continual Learning for Large Language Models
1263. ICML 2025FunBO: Discovering Acquisition Functions for Bayesian Optimization with FunSearch
1264. ICML 2025Function-to-Style Guidance of LLMs for Code Translation
1265. ICML 2025GANQ: GPU-Adaptive Non-Uniform Quantization for Large Language Models
1266. ICML 2025Generalists vs. Specialists: Evaluating LLMs on Highly-Constrained Biophysical Sequence Optimization Tasks
1267. ICML 2025Generalizing from SIMPLE to HARD Visual Reasoning: Can We Mitigate Modality Imbalance in VLMs?
1268. ICML 2025GRAM: A Generative Foundation Reward Model for Reward Generalization
1269. ICML 2025Graph-constrained Reasoning: Faithful Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models
1270. ICML 2025Gravity-Bench-v1: A Benchmark on Gravitational Physics Discovery for Agents
1271. ICML 2025Great Models Think Alike and this Undermines AI Oversight
1272. ICML 2025Grokking in the Wild: Data Augmentation for Real-World Multi-Hop Reasoning with Transformers
1273. ICML 2025GRU: Mitigating the Trade-off between Unlearning and Retention for LLMs
1274. ICML 2025GuardAgent: Safeguard LLM Agents via Knowledge-Enabled Reasoning
1275. ICML 2025Guided Search Strategies in Non-Serializable Environments with Applications to Software Engineering Agents
1276. ICML 2025GuidedQuant: Large Language Model Quantization via Exploiting End Loss Guidance
1277. ICML 2025Gumiho: A Hybrid Architecture to Prioritize Early Tokens in Speculative Decoding
1278. ICML 2025HaploVL: A Single-Transformer Baseline for Multi-Modal Understanding
1279. ICML 2025Heads up! Large Language Models Can Perform Tasks Without Your Instruction via Selective Attention Head Masking
1280. ICML 2025Hidden No More: Attacking and Defending Private Third-Party LLM Inference
1281. ICML 2025How Contaminated Is Your Benchmark? Measuring Dataset Leakage in Large Language Models with Kernel Divergence
1282. ICML 2025How Much Can We Forget about Data Contamination?
1283. ICML 2025HPS: Hard Preference Sampling for Human Preference Alignment
1284. ICML 2025Hyperband-based Bayesian Optimization for Black-box Prompt Selection
1285. ICML 2025HyperTree Planning: Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Hierarchical Thinking
1286. ICML 2025Hypo3D: Exploring Hypothetical Reasoning in 3D
1287. ICML 2025IBCircuit: Towards Holistic Circuit Discovery with Information Bottleneck
1288. ICML 2025Idiosyncrasies in Large Language Models
1289. ICML 2025Imagine While Reasoning in Space: Multimodal Visualization-of-Thought
1290. ICML 2025Improving Diversity in Language Models: When Temperature Fails, Change the Loss
1291. ICML 2025Improving Model Alignment Through Collective Intelligence of Open-Source Models
1292. ICML 2025Improving Parallel Program Performance with LLM Optimizers via Agent-System Interfaces
1293. ICML 2025Improving Rationality in the Reasoning Process of Language Models through Self-playing Game
1294. ICML 2025Improving Your Model Ranking on Chatbot Arena by Vote Rigging
1295. ICML 2025Independence Tests for Language Models
1296. ICML 2025InfAlign: Inference-aware language model alignment
1297. ICML 2025Inference-Time Decomposition of Activations (ITDA): A Scalable Approach to Interpreting Large Language Models
1298. ICML 2025Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models
1299. ICML 2025Interpreting the Repeated Token Phenomenon in Large Language Models
1300. ICML 2025Invariance Makes LLM Unlearning Resilient Even to Unanticipated Downstream Fine-Tuning

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.