Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

2,334 papers, page 25 of 47

1201. ICML 2025Communicating Activations Between Language Model Agents
1202. ICML 2025CommVQ: Commutative Vector Quantization for KV Cache Compression
1203. ICML 2025Compositional Causal Reasoning Evaluation in Language Models
1204. ICML 2025Compress then Serve: Serving Thousands of LoRA Adapters with Little Overhead
1205. ICML 2025ConfPO: Exploiting Policy Model Confidence for Critical Token Selection in Preference Optimization
1206. ICML 2025Controlling Large Language Model with Latent Action
1207. ICML 2025Core Context Aware Transformers for Long Context Language Modeling
1208. ICML 2025CoreMatching: A Co-adaptive Sparse Inference Framework with Token and Neuron Pruning for Comprehensive Acceleration of Vision-Language Models
1209. ICML 2025Cost-efficient Collaboration between On-device and Cloud Language Models
1210. ICML 2025CPCF: A Cross-Prompt Contrastive Framework for Referring Multimodal Large Language Models
1211. ICML 2025CRANE: Reasoning with constrained LLM generation
1212. ICML 2025Critical Tokens Matter: Token-Level Contrastive Estimation Enhances LLM’s Reasoning Capability
1213. ICML 2025CROW: Eliminating Backdoors from Large Language Models via Internal Consistency Regularization
1214. ICML 2025DA-KD: Difficulty-Aware Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Large Language Models
1215. ICML 2025Data Mixing Optimization for Supervised Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models
1216. ICML 2025DataDecide: How to Predict Best Pretraining Data with Small Experiments
1217. ICML 2025De-mark: Watermark Removal in Large Language Models
1218. ICML 2025Defending LVLMs Against Vision Attacks Through Partial-Perception Supervision
1219. ICML 2025Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation
1220. ICML 2025Demonstration Selection for In-Context Learning via Reinforcement Learning
1221. ICML 2025Demystifying Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
1222. ICML 2025Demystifying Singular Defects in Large Language Models
1223. ICML 2025Determining Layer-wise Sparsity for Large Language Models Through a Theoretical Perspective
1224. ICML 2025Dialogue Without Limits: Constant-Sized KV Caches for Extended Response in LLMs
1225. ICML 2025Discriminative Finetuning of Generative Large Language Models without Reward Models and Human Preference Data
1226. ICML 2025Discriminative Policy Optimization for Token-Level Reward Models
1227. ICML 2025Distillation Scaling Laws
1228. ICML 2025DistiLLM-2: A Contrastive Approach Boosts the Distillation of LLMs
1229. ICML 2025Diverging Preferences: When do Annotators Disagree and do Models Know?
1230. ICML 2025Diving into Self-Evolving Training for Multimodal Reasoning
1231. ICML 2025DLP: Dynamic Layerwise Pruning in Large Language Models
1232. ICML 2025Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of Long Reasoning Models
1233. ICML 2025DocKS-RAG: Optimizing Document-Level Relation Extraction through LLM-Enhanced Hybrid Prompt Tuning
1234. ICML 2025Domain2Vec: Vectorizing Datasets to Find the Optimal Data Mixture without Training
1235. ICML 2025DPO Meets PPO: Reinforced Token Optimization for RLHF
1236. ICML 2025DS-VLM: Diffusion Supervision Vision Language Model
1237. ICML 2025DyCodeEval: Dynamic Benchmarking of Reasoning Capabilities in Code Large Language Models Under Data Contamination
1238. ICML 2025Earley-Driven Dynamic Pruning for Efficient Structured Decoding
1239. ICML 2025Efficient Long Context Fine-tuning with Chunk Flow
1240. ICML 2025EffiCoder: Enhancing Code Generation in Large Language Models through Efficiency-Aware Fine-tuning
1241. ICML 2025Eliciting Language Model Behaviors with Investigator Agents
1242. ICML 2025EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agents
1243. ICML 2025Emergence and Effectiveness of Task Vectors in In-Context Learning: An Encoder Decoder Perspective
1244. ICML 2025Emergent Misalignment: Narrow finetuning can produce broadly misaligned LLMs
1245. ICML 2025Emergent Response Planning in LLMs
1246. ICML 2025Emergent Symbolic Mechanisms Support Abstract Reasoning in Large Language Models
1247. ICML 2025Energy-Based Preference Model Offers Better Offline Alignment than the Bradley-Terry Preference Model
1248. ICML 2025Enhancing Decision-Making of Large Language Models via Actor-Critic
1249. ICML 2025EpiCoder: Encompassing Diversity and Complexity in Code Generation
1250. ICML 2025Evaluating Judges as Evaluators: The JETTS Benchmark of LLM-as-Judges as Test-Time Scaling Evaluators

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.