Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

1,608 papers, page 24 of 33

1151. ICML 2025An Architecture Search Framework for Inference-Time Techniques
1152. ICML 2025An Efficient Pruner for Large Language Model with Theoretical Guarantee
1153. ICML 2025An Interpretable N-gram Perplexity Threat Model for Large Language Model Jailbreaks
1154. ICML 2025Analyze Feature Flow to Enhance Interpretation and Steering in Language Models
1155. ICML 2025any4: Learned 4-bit Numeric Representation for LLMs
1156. ICML 2025AnyEdit: Edit Any Knowledge Encoded in Language Models
1157. ICML 2025Are LLMs Prescient? A Continuous Evaluation using Daily News as the Oracle
1158. ICML 2025Attention Mechanisms Perspective: Exploring LLM Processing of Graph-Structured Data
1159. ICML 2025AuPair: Golden Example Pairs for Code Repair
1160. ICML 2025Automated Benchmark Generation for Repository-Level Coding Tasks
1161. ICML 2025Automated Hypothesis Validation with Agentic Sequential Falsifications
1162. ICML 2025Autonomy-of-Experts Models
1163. ICML 2025BackSlash: Rate Constrained Optimized Training of Large Language Models
1164. ICML 2025BanditSpec: Adaptive Speculative Decoding via Bandit Algorithms
1165. ICML 2025Benchmarking Abstract and Reasoning Abilities Through A Theoretical Perspective
1166. ICML 2025Benign Samples Matter! Fine-tuning On Outlier Benign Samples Severely Breaks Safety
1167. ICML 2025BEST-Route: Adaptive LLM Routing with Test-Time Optimal Compute
1168. ICML 2025Beyond Zero Initialization: Investigating the Impact of Non-Zero Initialization on LoRA Fine-Tuning Dynamics
1169. ICML 2025Binary Hypothesis Testing for Softmax Models and Leverage Score Models
1170. ICML 2025BlockDialect: Block-wise Fine-grained Mixed Format Quantization for Energy-Efficient LLM Inference
1171. ICML 2025Boosting Multi-Domain Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models through Evolving Interactions between Samples
1172. ICML 2025Bounded Rationality for LLMs: Satisficing Alignment at Inference-Time
1173. ICML 2025Bring Reason to Vision: Understanding Perception and Reasoning through Model Merging
1174. ICML 2025BRiTE: Bootstrapping Reinforced Thinking Process to Enhance Language Model Reasoning
1175. ICML 2025Cache Me If You Must: Adaptive Key-Value Quantization for Large Language Models
1176. ICML 2025Calibrated Language Models and How to Find Them with Label Smoothing
1177. ICML 2025Can Compressed LLMs Truly Act? An Empirical Evaluation of Agentic Capabilities in LLM Compression
1178. ICML 2025Can Large Language Models Understand Intermediate Representations in Compilers?
1179. ICML 2025Can MLLMs Reason in Multimodality? EMMA: An Enhanced MultiModal ReAsoning Benchmark
1180. ICML 2025Can We Predict Performance of Large Models across Vision-Language Tasks?
1181. ICML 2025Catch Your Emotion: Sharpening Emotion Perception in Multimodal Large Language Models
1182. ICML 2025CateKV: On Sequential Consistency for Long-Context LLM Inference Acceleration
1183. ICML 2025Chameleon: A Flexible Data-mixing Framework for Language Model Pretraining and Finetuning
1184. ICML 2025CLOVER: Cross-Layer Orthogonal Vectors Pruning
1185. ICML 2025CodeIO: Condensing Reasoning Patterns via Code Input-Output Prediction
1186. ICML 2025Collapse or Thrive: Perils and Promises of Synthetic Data in a Self-Generating World
1187. ICML 2025CoMemo: LVLMs Need Image Context with Image Memory
1188. ICML 2025Communicating Activations Between Language Model Agents
1189. ICML 2025CommVQ: Commutative Vector Quantization for KV Cache Compression
1190. ICML 2025Compositional Causal Reasoning Evaluation in Language Models
1191. ICML 2025Compress then Serve: Serving Thousands of LoRA Adapters with Little Overhead
1192. ICML 2025ConfPO: Exploiting Policy Model Confidence for Critical Token Selection in Preference Optimization
1193. ICML 2025Controlling Large Language Model with Latent Action
1194. ICML 2025Core Context Aware Transformers for Long Context Language Modeling
1195. ICML 2025CoreMatching: A Co-adaptive Sparse Inference Framework with Token and Neuron Pruning for Comprehensive Acceleration of Vision-Language Models
1196. ICML 2025Cost-efficient Collaboration between On-device and Cloud Language Models
1197. ICML 2025CPCF: A Cross-Prompt Contrastive Framework for Referring Multimodal Large Language Models
1198. ICML 2025CRANE: Reasoning with constrained LLM generation
1199. ICML 2025Critical Tokens Matter: Token-Level Contrastive Estimation Enhances LLM’s Reasoning Capability
1200. ICML 2025CROW: Eliminating Backdoors from Large Language Models via Internal Consistency Regularization

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.