Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

1,131 papers, page 23 of 23

1101. ICML 2026What LLMs Explain Is Not What They Believe: Evaluating Explanation Sufficiency Under Models' Own Input Beliefs
1102. ICML 2026What Makes Effective Supervision in Latent Chain-of-Thought: An Information-Theoretic Analysis
1103. ICML 2026What Really Improves Mathematical Reasoning: Structured Reasoning Signals Beyond Pure Code
1104. ICML 2026When Agents Go Rogue: Activation-Based Detection of Malicious Behaviors in Multi-Agent Systems
1105. ICML 2026When Diffusion Language Models Hesitate: Detecting and Correcting Visual Hallucinations via Confidence Fluctuation
1106. ICML 2026When Distance Distracts: Representation Distance Bias in BT-Loss for Reward Models
1107. ICML 2026When Do Hallucinations Arise? A Graph Perspective on the Evolution of Path Reuse and Path Compression
1108. ICML 2026When Does Sparsity Mitigate the Curse of Depth in LLMs
1109. ICML 2026When Drafts Evolve: Speculative Decoding Meets Online Learning
1110. ICML 2026When Labelers Stay Silent: The Power of Ties in Cost-Effective Preference Learning
1111. ICML 2026When LLMs Encounter Open-world Graph Learning: A Fresh View on Unlabeled Data Uncertainty
1112. ICML 2026When Model Merging Breaks Routing: Training-Free Calibration for MoE
1113. ICML 2026When RAG Hurts: Diagnosing and Mitigating Attention Distraction in Retrieval-Augmented LVLMs
1114. ICML 2026When RL Meets Adaptive Speculative Training: A Unified Training-Serving System
1115. ICML 2026When Search Goes Wrong: Red-Teaming Web-Augmented Large Language Models
1116. ICML 2026When Simple Problems Wear Complex Costumes: Improving Efficiency in LRM's Adaptive Reasoning
1117. ICML 2026When to Think, When to Speak: Learning Disclosure Policies for LLM Reasoning
1118. ICML 2026Which Heads Matter for Reasoning? RL-Guided KV Cache Compression
1119. ICML 2026Who can we trust? LLM-as-a-jury for Comparative Assessment
1120. ICML 2026Why Deep Jacobian Spectra Separate: Depth-Induced Scaling and Singular-Vector Alignment
1121. ICML 2026WinDeskGround: A Benchmark for Robust GUI Grounding in Complex Multi-Window Desktop Environments
1122. ICML 2026WinQ: Accelerating Quantization-Aware Training of Language Models Around Saddle Points
1123. ICML 2026Words & Weights: Streamlining Multi-Turn Interactions via Co-Adaptation
1124. ICML 2026WorldTravel: A Realistic Multimodal Travel-Planning Benchmark with Tightly Coupled Constraints
1125. ICML 2026WUSH: Near-Optimal Adaptive Transforms for LLM Quantization
1126. ICML 2026xKV: Cross-Layer KV-Cache Compression via Aligned Singular Vector Extraction
1127. ICML 2026XSkill: Continual Learning from Experience and Skills in Multimodal Agents
1128. ICML 2026XSpecMesh: Quality-Preserving Auto-Regressive Mesh Generation Acceleration via Multi-Head Speculative Decoding
1129. ICML 2026You Can Learn Tokenization End-to-End with Reinforcement Learning
1130. ICML 2026Zero Sum SVD: Balancing Loss Sensitivity for Low Rank LLM Compression
1131. ICML 2026ZipMoE: Efficient On-Device MoE Serving via Lossless Compression and Cache-Affinity Scheduling

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.