Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

2,334 papers, page 22 of 47

1051. ICML 2026Tuning the Implicit Regularizer of Masked Diffusion Language Models: Enhancing Generalization via Insights from $k$-Parity
1052. ICML 2026Turbo Connection: Reasoning as Information Flow from Higher to Lower Layers
1053. ICML 2026TwinQuant: Learnable Subspace Decomposition for 4-Bit LLM Quantization
1054. ICML 2026UltraHorizon: Benchmarking LLM-Agent Capabilities in Ultra Long-Horizon Scenarios
1055. ICML 2026UMEM: Unified Memory Extraction and Management Framework for Generalizable Memory
1056. ICML 2026Unbiased Alignment for Large Language Models with Noisy Preferences
1057. ICML 2026Unbiased Dynamic Pruning for Efficient Group-Based Policy Optimization
1058. ICML 2026Unbiased Reward Modeling from Implicit Feedback for LLM Alignment
1059. ICML 2026Uncovering Hidden Triggers: Backdoor Attribution in Language Models
1060. ICML 2026Understanding Data Temporality Impact on Large Language Models Pre-training
1061. ICML 2026Understanding Dynamic Compute Allocation in Recurrent Transformers
1062. ICML 2026Understanding LoRA as Knowledge Memory: An Empirical Analysis
1063. ICML 2026Understanding the Ability of LLMs to Handle Character-Level Perturbation
1064. ICML 2026UniFLoW: Universal Multi-Modal Federated LoRA Fine-Tuning Framework with Analytical Aggregation
1065. ICML 2026UniScale: Adaptive Unified Inference Scaling via Online Joint Optimization of Model Routing and Test-Time Scaling
1066. ICML 2026UniSVQ: 2-bit Unified Scalar-Vector Quantization
1067. ICML 2026Universal One-third Time Scaling in Learning Peaked Distributions
1068. ICML 2026Unleashing Implicit Rewards: Prefix-Value Learning for Distribution-Level Optimization
1069. ICML 2026UnMaskFork: Test-Time Scaling for Masked Diffusion via Deterministic Action Branching
1070. ICML 2026Unveiling the Potential of Quantization with MXFP4: Strategies for Quantization Error Reduction
1071. ICML 2026Updating Parametric Knowledge with Context Distillation Retains Post-Training Capabilities
1072. ICML 2026Variational Speculative Decoding: Rethinking Draft Training from Token Likelihood to Sequence Acceptance
1073. ICML 2026VecDesigner: Exploring Visual Guidance and Structural Consistency for Semantic Typography
1074. ICML 2026Vegas: Self-Speculative Decoding with Verification-Guided Sparse Attention
1075. ICML 2026VENOMREC: Cross-Modal Interactive Poisoning for Targeted Promotion in Multimodal LLM Recommender Systems
1076. ICML 2026VEQ: Modality-Adaptive Quantization for MoE Vision-Language Models
1077. ICML 2026Verbalized Sampling: How to Mitigate Mode Collapse and Unlock LLM Diversity
1078. ICML 2026Verifying Meta-Awareness via Predictive Rewards in Reasoning Models
1079. ICML 2026VIA-SD: Verification via Intra-Model Routing for Speculative Decoding
1080. ICML 2026Video-OPD: Efficient Post-Training of Multimodal Large Language Models for Temporal Video Grounding via On-Policy Distillation
1081. ICML 2026video-SALMONN S: Memory-Enhanced Streaming Audio-Visual LLM
1082. ICML 2026Video2GUI: Synthesizing Large-Scale Interaction Trajectories for Generalized GUI Agent Pretraining
1083. ICML 2026VideoBrain: Learning Adaptive Frame Sampling for Long Video Understanding
1084. ICML 2026ViewMask-1-to-3: Multi-View Consistent Image Generation via Multimodal Discrete Diffusion Models
1085. ICML 2026Vision-aligned Latent Reasoning for Multi-modal Large Language Model
1086. ICML 2026Vision-DeepResearch: Incentivizing DeepResearch Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models
1087. ICML 2026Visual Para-Thinker: Divide-and-Conquer Reasoning for Visual Comprehension
1088. ICML 2026Wait, Wait, Wait... Why Do Reasoning Models Loop?
1089. ICML 2026WarmServe: Enabling One-for-Many GPU Prewarming for Multi-LLM Serving
1090. ICML 2026WaterSIC: Information-Theoretically (Near) Optimal \\Linear Layer Quantization
1091. ICML 2026WAVE: Window-Aware Vocabulary-Efficient Early-Exit for Training-Free LLM Acceleration
1092. ICML 2026Weasel: Out-of-Domain Generalization for Web Agents via Importance-Diversity Data Selection
1093. ICML 2026Weaving Graph over Tokens: Contextualizing Structured Sequences for LLMs
1094. ICML 2026WebWorld: A Large-Scale World Model for Web Agent Training
1095. ICML 2026WeDLM: Reconciling Diffusion Language Models with Standard Causal Attention for Fast Inference
1096. ICML 2026Weight Decay Improves Language Model Plasticity
1097. ICML 2026WET: Mitigating World-Conditioned Knowledge Conflicts via World Entropy Tethering
1098. ICML 2026What Characterizes Effective Reasoning? Revisiting Length, Review, and Structure of CoT
1099. ICML 2026What Do Agents Learn from Trajectory-SFT: Semantics or Interfaces?
1100. ICML 2026What Does Vision Tool-Use Reinforcement Learning Really Learn? Disentangling Tool-Induced and Intrinsic Effects for Crop-and-Zoom

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.