Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

1,608 papers, page 2 of 33

51. ICML 2026AIR: Post-training Data Selection for Reasoning via Attention Head Influence
52. ICML 2026AlienLM: Alienization of Language for API-Boundary Privacy in Black-Box LLMs
53. ICML 2026Alignment Pretraining: AI Discourse Causes Self-Fulfilling (Mis)alignment
54. ICML 2026Alignment-Aware Decoding
55. ICML 2026AlphaRouter: Token-level Routing Between SLM and LLM with Reinforcement Learning and Tree Search
56. ICML 2026ALSO: Adversarial Online Strategy Optimization for Social Agents
57. ICML 2026Alternating Reinforcement Learning for Rubric-Based Reward Modeling in Non-Verifiable LLM Post-Training
58. ICML 2026AMA-Bench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Memory for Agentic Applications
59. ICML 2026An Information-Theoretic Criterion for Efficient Data Synthesis
60. ICML 2026An Interactive Paradigm for Deep Research
61. ICML 2026Anchor-Final Self-Supervision Drives Hallucination-Aware Optimization in Large Vision-Language Models
62. ICML 2026ANCHOR: Automated Alignment Auditing for CLI Agents on Real-World Harm
63. ICML 2026Anchored Policy Optimization: Mitigating Exploration Collapse via Support-Constrained Rectification
64. ICML 2026Anchoring Self-Play for Code Repair
65. ICML 2026Annotations Mitigate Post-Training Mode Collapse
66. ICML 2026Antidistillation Fingerprinting
67. ICML 2026AnyEdit++: Adaptive Long-Form Knowledge Editing via Bayesian Surprise
68. ICML 2026AOrchestra: Automating Sub-Agent Creation for Agentic Orchestration
69. ICML 2026APE-Bench: Evaluating Automated Proof Engineering for Formal Math Libraries
70. ICML 2026ArborKV: Structure-Aware KV Cache Management for Scaling Tree-based LLM Reasoning
71. ICML 2026ARC-Decode: Accelerated Decoding with Risk-Bounded Acceptance
72. ICML 2026Are Large Reasoning Models Interruptible?
73. ICML 2026Are Tools Always Beneficial? Learning to Invoke Tools Adaptively for Dual-Mode Multimodal LLM Reasoning
74. ICML 2026Artificial Hippocampus Networks for Efficient Long-Context Modeling
75. ICML 2026Asymmetric Prompt Weighting for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards
76. ICML 2026ASyMOB: Algebraic Symbolic Mathematical Operations Benchmark
77. ICML 2026AtomWorld: A Benchmark for Evaluating Spatial Reasoning in Large Language Models on Material Structures
78. ICML 2026Attacks on Machine-Text Detectors Retain Stylistic Fingerprints
79. ICML 2026Attention Illuminates LLM Reasoning: The Uncovered Preplan-and-Anchor Rhythm Enables Fine-Grained Policy Optimization
80. ICML 2026Attention Projection Mixing with Exogenous Anchors
81. ICML 2026Attention Sinks as Internal Signals for Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
82. ICML 2026AugServe: Adaptive Request Scheduling for Augmented Large Language Model Inference Serving
83. ICML 2026Automated Formal Proofs of Combinatorial Identities via Wilf–Zeilberger Guidance and LLMs
84. ICML 2026AutoQRA: Joint Optimization of Mixed-Precision Quantization and Low-rank Adapters for Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning
85. ICML 2026AutoRAS: Learning Robust Agentic Systems with Primitive Representations
86. ICML 2026Autoregressive Language Models are Secretly Energy-Based Models: Insights into the Lookahead Capabilities of Next-Token Prediction
87. ICML 2026AutoRPA: Efficient GUI Automation through LLM-Driven Code Synthesis from Interactions
88. ICML 2026AutoSizer: Automatic Sizing of Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits via Large Language Model (LLM) Agents
89. ICML 2026Awakening Visual Reasoning: Mitigating Post-Training Failure in Vision-Text Compression
90. ICML 2026BandPO: Bridging Trust Regions and Ratio Clipping via Probability-Aware Bounds for LLM Reinforcement Learning
91. ICML 2026BARRED: Synthetic Training of Custom Policy Guardrails via Asymmetric Debate
92. ICML 2026BeaconKV: Key-Value Cache Compression Guided by Beacon Queries for Efficient Large Reasoning Model Inference
93. ICML 2026BEAR: Dissecting Embodied Abilities in Multimodal Language Models through Skill-level Evaluation and Diagnosis
94. ICML 2026Better, Faster: Harnessing Self-Improvement in Large Reasoning Models
95. ICML 2026Beyond Attention Imbalance: Mitigating Hallucinations via Spectral Surgery
96. ICML 2026Beyond Correctness: Distance-Based Social Dynamics of Multi-Agent Debate
97. ICML 2026Beyond Drift: Stabilizing Subjective LLM Evaluation with Information-Theoretic Rubrics
98. ICML 2026Beyond Euclidean Clipping: Overcoming Exploration Collapse in LLM RL via Riemannian Isometric Policy Optimization
99. ICML 2026Beyond Fixed Biases: Decoding the Role of Reasoning Uncertainty in MLLM Modality Conflicts
100. ICML 2026Beyond Gemini-3-Pro: Revisiting LLM Routing and Aggregation at Scale

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.