Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

1,131 papers, page 12 of 23

551. ICML 2026LogicSAGE: Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning with Socratic-Guided Enhancement
552. ICML 2026Logit-Attention Divergence: Mitigating Position Bias in Multi-Image Retrieval via Attention-Guided Calibration
553. ICML 2026LoKiFormer: Locality-aware Attention with Decoupled Knowledge Memory for Efficient Large Language Model Pretraining
554. ICML 2026Long Live The Balance: Information Bottleneck Driven Tree-based Policy Optimization
555. ICML 2026Long-Context Modeling with Dynamic Hierarchical Sparse Attention for Memory-Constrained LLM Inference
556. ICML 2026LongCoT: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
557. ICML 2026Look on Demand: A Cognitive Scheduling Framework for Visual Evidence Acquisition in Multimodal Reasoning
558. ICML 2026Lookahead-GCG: Improving Universal Multi-Model Optimization-Based Jailbreaking Attacks via Stochastic Nesterov Optimization
559. ICML 2026LoRA-DA: Data-Aware Initialization for Low-Rank Adaptation via Asymptotic Analysis
560. ICML 2026LORD-GoF: A Robust Online Detection Approach for LLM Watermarks in Sparse and Mixed Streams
561. ICML 2026Low Kruskal-Rank Adaptation
562. ICML 2026Low-cost Full Fine-tuning: Learning What to Update for LLMs
563. ICML 2026LRAgent: Efficient KV Cache Sharing for Multi-LoRA LLM Agents
564. ICML 2026LUCID: Attention with Preconditioned Representations
565. ICML 2026LUGS: Latent-aware Guidance for Efficient Unmasking in Diffusion Large Language Models
566. ICML 2026M-Star: Markovian Projection of Star-Shaped Diffusion for Exponential Family Distributions
567. ICML 2026MACD: Model-Aware Contrastive Decoding via Counterfactual Data for Video-LLMs
568. ICML 2026MAGIC: A Co-Evolving Attacker–Defender Adversarial Game for Robust LLM Safety
569. ICML 2026Making Expert Reasoning Learnable with Self-Distillation
570. ICML 2026ManifoldKV: Training-Free KV Cache Compression via Euclidean Outlier Detection
571. ICML 2026Many-Shot CoT-ICL: Making In-Context Learning Truly Learn
572. ICML 2026MAPS: Memory-Aware Predictive Scheduling Framework for Large Language Model Serving
573. ICML 2026Margin-Adaptive Confidence Ranking for Reliable LLM Judgement
574. ICML 2026MAS-Architect: Declarative Multi-Agent System Design via Separation of Concerns
575. ICML 2026MAS-Orchestra: Understanding and Improving Multi-Agent Reasoning Through Holistic Orchestration and Controlled Benchmarks
576. ICML 2026MAS-ProVe: Understanding the Process Verification of Multi-Agent Systems
577. ICML 2026MASH: Modeling Abstention via Selective Help-Seeking
578. ICML 2026Masks Can Be Distracting: On Context Comprehension in Diffusion Language Models
579. ICML 2026MASPO: Joint Prompt Optimization for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
580. ICML 2026MASPOB: Bandit-Based Prompt Optimization for Multi-Agent Systems with Graph Neural Networks
581. ICML 2026Maximizing Mutual Information Between Prompt and Response Improves LLM Performance With No Additional Data
582. ICML 2026Maximum Likelihood Reinforcement Learning
583. ICML 2026MCCE: A Framework for Multi-LLM Collaborative Search in Discrete Spaces with Similarity-Filtered Preference Learning
584. ICML 2026Measuring and Mitigating Post-Hoc Rationalization in Reverse Chain-of-Thought Generation
585. ICML 2026Measuring Meta-Cultural Competency: A Spectral Framework for LLM Knowledge Structures
586. ICML 2026MechVQA: Benchmarking and Enhancing Multimodal LLMs on Comprehensive Mechanical Drawing Understanding
587. ICML 2026Mem-T: Densifying Rewards for Long-Horizon Memory Agents
588. ICML 2026MemEvolve: Meta-Evolution of Agent Memory Systems
589. ICML 2026MEMO: Memory-Augmented Model Context Optimization for Robust Multi-Turn Multi-Agent LLM Games
590. ICML 2026Memora: A Harmonic Memory Representation Balancing Abstraction and Specificity
591. ICML 2026Memory as a Markov Matrix: Sample Efficient Knowledge Expansion via Token-to-Dictionary Mapping
592. ICML 2026Memory is Reconstructed, Not Retrieved: Graph Memory for LLM Agents
593. ICML 2026Memory-Efficient LLM Pretraining via Minimalist Optimizer Design
594. ICML 2026Memory-Efficient LLM Training with Dynamic Sparsity: From Stability to Practical Scaling
595. ICML 2026MemoryLLM: Plug-n-Play Interpretable Feed-Forward Memory for Transformers
596. ICML 2026MergeMix: Optimizing Mid-Training Data Mixtures via Learnable Model Merging
597. ICML 2026Meta Context Engineering via Agentic Skill Evolution
598. ICML 2026MetaphorVU: Towards Metaphorical Video Understanding
599. ICML 2026mHC: Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections
600. ICML 2026Midtraining Bridges Pretraining and Posttraining Distributions

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.