Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

713 papers, page 11 of 15

501. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Model as Attributed Training Data Generator: A Tale of Diversity and Bias
502. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models are Fixated by Red Herrings: Exploring Creative Problem Solving and Einstellung Effect using the Only Connect Wall Dataset
503. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models Are Latent Variable Models: Explaining and Finding Good Demonstrations for In-Context Learning
504. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models Are Semi-Parametric Reinforcement Learning Agents
505. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models are Visual Reasoning Coordinators
506. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models as Commonsense Knowledge for Large-Scale Task Planning
507. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models can Implement Policy Iteration
508. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models for Automated Data Science: Introducing CAAFE for Context-Aware Automated Feature Engineering
509. NeurIPS 2023Large language models implicitly learn to straighten neural sentence trajectories to construct a predictive representation of natural language.
510. NeurIPS 2023Large Language Models of Code Fail at Completing Code with Potential Bugs
511. NeurIPS 2023Large language models transition from integrating across position-yoked, exponential windows to structure-yoked, power-law windows
512. NeurIPS 2023Large sample spectral analysis of graph-based multi-manifold clustering
513. NeurIPS 2023Large-Scale Distributed Learning via Private On-Device LSH
514. NeurIPS 2023Laughing Hyena Distillery: Extracting Compact Recurrences From Convolutions
515. NeurIPS 2023LayoutGPT: Compositional Visual Planning and Generation with Large Language Models
516. NeurIPS 2023LayoutPrompter: Awaken the Design Ability of Large Language Models
517. NeurIPS 2023LeanDojo: Theorem Proving with Retrieval-Augmented Language Models
518. NeurIPS 2023Learning Descriptive Image Captioning via Semipermeable Maximum Likelihood Estimation
519. NeurIPS 2023Learning Domain-Aware Detection Head with Prompt Tuning
520. NeurIPS 2023Learning Large Graph Property Prediction via Graph Segment Training
521. NeurIPS 2023Learning Large-Scale MTP$_2$ Gaussian Graphical Models via Bridge-Block Decomposition
522. NeurIPS 2023Learning Large-scale Neural Fields via Context Pruned Meta-Learning
523. NeurIPS 2023Learning Mask-aware CLIP Representations for Zero-Shot Segmentation
524. NeurIPS 2023Learning Mixtures of Gaussians Using the DDPM Objective
525. NeurIPS 2023Learning Nonparametric Latent Causal Graphs with Unknown Interventions
526. NeurIPS 2023Learning Re-sampling Methods with Parameter Attribution for Image Super-resolution
527. NeurIPS 2023Learning Sample Difficulty from Pre-trained Models for Reliable Prediction
528. NeurIPS 2023Learning the Efficient Frontier
529. NeurIPS 2023Learning threshold neurons via edge of stability
530. NeurIPS 2023Learning to Compress Prompts with Gist Tokens
531. NeurIPS 2023Learning to Modulate pre-trained Models in RL
532. NeurIPS 2023Learning to Reason and Memorize with Self-Notes
533. NeurIPS 2023Learning to Receive Help: Intervention-Aware Concept Embedding Models
534. NeurIPS 2023Learning to Taste: A Multimodal Wine Dataset
535. NeurIPS 2023Learning to Tokenize for Generative Retrieval
536. NeurIPS 2023Learning Topology-Agnostic EEG Representations with Geometry-Aware Modeling
537. NeurIPS 2023Learning Transformer Programs
538. NeurIPS 2023Learning Visual Prior via Generative Pre-Training
539. NeurIPS 2023LegalBench: A Collaboratively Built Benchmark for Measuring Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models
540. NeurIPS 2023Lexinvariant Language Models
541. NeurIPS 2023LICO: Explainable Models with Language-Image COnsistency
542. NeurIPS 2023Likelihood Ratio Confidence Sets for Sequential Decision Making
543. NeurIPS 2023Likelihood-Based Diffusion Language Models
544. NeurIPS 2023LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment
545. NeurIPS 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Day
546. NeurIPS 2023LLM-Pruner: On the Structural Pruning of Large Language Models
547. NeurIPS 2023LLMScore: Unveiling the Power of Large Language Models in Text-to-Image Synthesis Evaluation
548. NeurIPS 2023LMC: Large Model Collaboration with Cross-assessment for Training-Free Open-Set Object Recognition
549. NeurIPS 2023Localized Symbolic Knowledge Distillation for Visual Commonsense Models
550. NeurIPS 2023LoCoOp: Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection via Prompt Learning

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.