Deep learning · large language models papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Deep learning · large language models went from 488 papers in 2023 to 1,131 in 2026, roughly 2.3x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most Deep learning · large language models work: 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026, 69% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with AI Agents: papers tagged with both rose from 5 in 2023 to 184 in 2026.
• Among the 11 topics under Deep Learning, it ranks #3 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Diffusion Models, is up 4.1x versus 2.3x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• ICML 2026“very likely” Means “uncertain”? How LLMs Diverge from Humans in Linguistic Uncertainty Quantification
• ICML 2025(How) Do Language Models Track State?
• ICLR 2025AdvWave: Stealthy Adversarial Jailbreak Attack against Large Audio-Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024$\beta$-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic $\beta$
• NeurIPS 20233D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models
• ICML 2023Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
• ICML 2026$f$-Divergence Self-Play for Tabular Anomaly Detection via Large Language Models
• ICML 2025A Tale of Two Structures: Do LLMs Capture the Fractal Complexity of Language?
• ICLR 2025Emergence of a High-Dimensional Abstraction Phase in Language Transformers
• NeurIPS 2024$\textit{Trans-LoRA}$: towards data-free Transferable Parameter Efficient Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2023A fast heuristic to optimize time-space tradeoff for large models
• ICML 2023Arithmetic Sampling: Parallel Diverse Decoding for Large Language Models
• ICML 2026$L^3$: Large Lookup Layers
• ICML 2025Accelerating LLM Inference with Lossless Speculative Decoding Algorithms for Heterogeneous Vocabularies
• ICLR 2025Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
• NeurIPS 2024A distributional simplicity bias in the learning dynamics of transformers
• NeurIPS 2023A Pseudo-Semantic Loss for Autoregressive Models with Logical Constraints
• ICML 2023Auto-Differentiation of Relational Computations for Very Large Scale Machine Learning
• ICML 2026$V_0$: A Generalist Value Model for Any Policy at State Zero
• ICML 2025Accelerating Unbiased LLM Evaluation via Synthetic Feedback

All Deep learning · large language models papers

1,608 papers, page 10 of 33

451. ICML 2026Implicit Intelligence - Evaluating Agents on What Users Don’t Say
452. ICML 2026Implicit Turn-Wise Policy Optimization for Proactive User-LLM Interaction
453. ICML 2026Improving Sampling for Masked Diffusion Models via Information Gain
454. ICML 2026In-Context Learning as Rate–Distortion Optimization
455. ICML 2026Incremental BPE Tokenization
456. ICML 2026INDEXGUARD: Index-only Backdoor Vetting for Secure Federated PEFT of Large Language Models
457. ICML 2026IndexMem: Learned KV-Cache Eviction with Latent Memory for Long-Context LLM Inference
458. ICML 2026INDUCTION: Finite-Structure Concept Synthesis in First-Order Logic
459. ICML 2026Inference Time Optimization with Confidence Dynamics
460. ICML 2026Inference-Time Conformal Reasoning with Valid Factuality Control for Large Language Models
461. ICML 2026InfoLaw: Information Scaling Laws for Large Language Models with Quality-Weighted Mixture Data and Repetition
462. ICML 2026Information Flow Reveals When to Trust Language Models
463. ICML 2026InftyThink+: Effective and Efficient Infinite-Horizon Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning
464. ICML 2026Injecting Distributional Awareness into MLLMs via Reinforcement Learning for Deep Imbalanced Regression
465. ICML 2026Inner-layer Token Self-modulation as Another Scaling Axis for LLMs
466. ICML 2026InstEmb: Instruction-Following Embeddings through Glimpses of the Future
467. ICML 2026INT vs. FP: A Comprehensive Study of Fine-Grained Low-bit Quantization Formats
468. ICML 2026Integrated Episodic and Semantic Memory via Modulating Transformer FeedForward Layers
469. ICML 2026InteractComp: Evaluating Search Agents With Ambiguous Queries
470. ICML 2026Internalizing Safety Understanding in Large Reasoning Models via Verification
471. ICML 2026Interpreting and Steering State-Space Models via Activation Subspace Bottlenecks
472. ICML 2026Intrinsic Credit Assignment for Long Horizon Interaction
473. ICML 2026Inverse Depth Scaling From Most Layers Being Similar
474. ICML 2026Investigating Advanced Reasoning of Large Language Models via Black-Box Environment Interaction
475. ICML 2026IPMark: A Sentence-Level Watermark for LLMs with Hierarchical Personalization and Efficient Detection
476. ICML 2026IRPM: Intergroup Relative Preference Modeling for Pointwise Generative Reward Models
477. ICML 2026Is Code Better Than Language for Algorithmic Reasoning?
478. ICML 2026Is Vibe Coding Safe? Benchmarking Vulnerability of Agent-Generated Code in Real-World Tasks
479. ICML 2026Jailbreaking Vision-Language Models Through the Visual Modality
480. ICML 2026Judgment Operators: A Composition-Invariant Substrate for Multi-Agent Action Spaces
481. ICML 2026Just-In-Time Reinforcement Learning: Continual Learning in LLM Agents Without Gradient Updates
482. ICML 2026Knapsack RL: Compute-Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Heterogeneous Rollout Allocation
483. ICML 2026Know More, Know Clearer: A Meta-Cognitive Framework for Knowledge Augmentation in Large Language Models
484. ICML 2026Know Thyself, Know Thy User: Intrinsic Dual-Perspective Reasoning for Role-Playing LLMs
485. ICML 2026Knowing When to Quit: A Principled Framework for Dynamic Abstention in LLM Reasoning
486. ICML 2026KORE: Enhancing Knowledge Injection for Large Multimodal Models via Knowledge-Oriented Controls
487. ICML 2026Kuramoto Oscillatory Phase Encoding: Neuro-inspired Synchronization for Improved Learning Efficiency
488. ICML 2026LakeQA: An Exploratory QA Benchmark over a Million-Scale Data Lake
489. ICML 2026LALM-as-a-Judge: Benchmarking Large Audio-Language Models for Safety Evaluation in Multi-Turn Spoken Dialogues
490. ICML 2026LangForce: Bayesian Decomposition of Vision Language Action Models via Latent Action Queries
491. ICML 2026Language Generation in the Limit: Complexity Barriers and Implications for Learning
492. ICML 2026Language Model Networks: Supervision-Efficient Learning through Dense Communication
493. ICML 2026Language-based Trial and Error Falls Behind in the Era of Experience
494. ICML 2026LARFT: Closing the Cognition-Action Gap for Length Instruction Following in Large Language Models
495. ICML 2026Large Language Models Explore by Latent Distilling
496. ICML 2026Large Scale Manifold Balanced Clustering
497. ICML 2026Large Vision-Language Models Get Lost in Attention
498. ICML 2026Large-Scale Terminal Agentic Trajectory Generation from Dockerized Environments
499. ICML 2026Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems
500. ICML 2026Latent Thoughts Tuning: Bridging Context and Reasoning with Fused Information in Latent Tokens

FAQ

How many Deep learning · large language models papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,334 in total: 488 in 2023, 298 in 2024, 417 in 2025, 1,131 in 2026.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at NeurIPS 2024?

NeurIPS 2024 has 298 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 415 the year before.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICLR 2025?

ICLR 2025 has 13 Deep learning · large language models papers.

How many Deep learning · large language models papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,131 Deep learning · large language models papers, versus 404 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Deep learning · large language models papers?

ICML, with 1,608 papers from 2023 to 2026.