Counterfactual Explanation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Counterfactual Explanation went from 21 papers in 2023 to 26 in 2026, roughly 1.2x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation work: 31 papers from 2023 to 2026, 34% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Counterfactual Fairness: papers tagged with both rose from 8 in 2023 to 10 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Interpretability, it ranks #4 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Mechanistic Interpretability, is up 8.1x versus 1.2x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026Offloading Score: Measuring AI Reliance through Counterfactual Workflows
• ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
• ICLR 2026Training-free Counterfactual Explanation for Temporal Graph Model Inference
• CVPR 2026Back to the Feature Explaining Video Classifiers with Video Counterfactual
• NeurIPS 2025Causal Explanation-Guided Learning for Organ Allocation
• ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
• ICLR 2025Generating Likely Counterfactuals Using Sum-Product Networks
• CVPR 2025Towards Fine-Grained Interpretability: Counterfactual Explanations for Misclassification with Saliency Partition
• NeurIPS 2024AR-Pro: Counterfactual Explanations for Anomaly Repair with Formal Properties
• ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
• ICLR 2024Counterfactual Density Estimation using Kernel Stein Discrepancies
• CVPR 2024Looking Similar Sounding Different: Leveraging Counterfactual Cross-Modal Pairs for Audiovisual Representation Learning
• NeurIPS 2023[Re] FOCUS: Flexible Optimizable Counterfactual Explanations for Tree Ensembles
• ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
• ICLR 2023Measuring Forgetting of Memorized Training Examples
• CVPR 2023OCTET: Object-Aware Counterfactual Explanations
• NeurIPS 2026Tracing Actual Causes with Counterfactual Witness Maps
• ICML 2026Algorithmic Recourse of In-Context Learning for Tabular Data
• ICLR 2026ATEX-CF: Attack-Informed Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks
• CVPR 2026Making the Classification Explanation Faithful to the Confidence Score

All Counterfactual Explanation papers

31 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICML 2026Algorithmic Recourse of In-Context Learning for Tabular Data
2. ICML 2026Counterfactual Bootstrap for Robust Meta-Reinforcement Learning
3. ICML 2026Density-Guided Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Tabular Data under Model Multiplicity
4. ICML 2026Reward-Preserving Counterfactual State Editing for Offline Reinforcement Learning
5. ICML 2025A New Approach to Backtracking Counterfactual Explanations: A Unified Causal Framework for Efficient Model Interpretability
6. ICML 2025Algorithmic Recourse for Long-Term Improvement
7. ICML 2025CoDy: Counterfactual Explainers for Dynamic Graphs
8. ICML 2025COMRECGC: Global Graph Counterfactual Explainer through Common Recourse
9. ICML 2025Counterfactual Contrastive Learning with Normalizing Flows for Robust Treatment Effect Estimation
10. ICML 2025Counterfactual Effect Decomposition in Multi-Agent Sequential Decision Making
11. ICML 2025Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation via Active Learning: A Counterfactual Covering Perspective
12. ICML 2025Exogenous Isomorphism for Counterfactual Identifiability
13. ICML 2025Transformer-Based Spatial-Temporal Counterfactual Outcomes Estimation
14. ICML 2024A Dual-module Framework for Counterfactual Estimation over Time
15. ICML 2024An Empirical Examination of Balancing Strategy for Counterfactual Estimation on Time Series
16. ICML 2024CF-OPT: Counterfactual Explanations for Structured Prediction
17. ICML 2024Counterfactual Image Editing
18. ICML 2024Counterfactual Metarules for Local and Global Recourse
19. ICML 2024Designing Decision Support Systems using Counterfactual Prediction Sets
20. ICML 2024Do Large Code Models Understand Programming Concepts? Counterfactual Analysis for Code Predicates
21. ICML 2024Do Models Explain Themselves? Counterfactual Simulatability of Natural Language Explanations
22. ICML 2024Et Tu Certifications: Robustness Certificates Yield Better Adversarial Examples
23. ICML 2024On Gradient-like Explanation under a Black-box Setting: When Black-box Explanations Become as Good as White-box
24. ICML 2023Cluster Explanation via Polyhedral Descriptions
25. ICML 2023Counterfactual Analysis in Dynamic Latent State Models
26. ICML 2023Eventual Discounting Temporal Logic Counterfactual Experience Replay
27. ICML 2023GLOBE-CE: A Translation Based Approach for Global Counterfactual Explanations
28. ICML 2023PWSHAP: A Path-Wise Explanation Model for Targeted Variables
29. ICML 2023Robust Counterfactual Explanations for Neural Networks With Probabilistic Guarantees
30. ICML 2023Sequential Counterfactual Risk Minimization
31. ICML 2023Trustworthy Policy Learning under the Counterfactual No-Harm Criterion

FAQ

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

90 in total: 21 in 2023, 20 in 2024, 23 in 2025, 26 in 2026.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 15 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 7 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 5 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 5 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 4 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 9 the year before.

How many Counterfactual Explanation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 2 Counterfactual Explanation papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Counterfactual Explanation papers?

NeurIPS, with 31 papers from 2023 to 2026.